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13th FYP development plan for energy
Original title: 关于印发能源发展“十三五”规划的通知(发改能源〔2016〕2744号)
Links: Original source (in Chinese) (link).
National Development and Reform Commission
National Energy Administration
Notice on the issuance of the 13th Five Year development plan for energy
NDRC Dept. for Energy [2016] No. 2744
Development and Reform Commissions (Energy Bureaus) of provinces, autonomous regions and directly controlled municipalities, Development and Reform Commission (Energy Bureau) of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, relevant central state owned enterprises, relevant industry associations and societies：
With the consent of the State Council, the "the 13th Five Year development plan for energy" is hereby issued to you; please carefully implement。
Annex：13th Five Year development plan for energy
National Development and Reform Commission
National Energy Administration
December 26, 2016
13th Five Year development plan for energy
(Version for public release)
December 2016
Table of contents
Foreword
Chapter I - Development status and outlook
1. Development status
2. Development trends
3. Main issues and challenges
Chapter II - Guidelines and objectives
1. Guiding ideology
2. Basic principles
3. Policy orientation
4. Key targets
Chapter III - Key tasks
1. Efficient and intelligent; strive for optimizing the energy system
2. Energy conservation and low-carbon; promote an energy consumption revolution
3. Diversified development; promote an energy supply revolution
4. Innovation-driven; promote an energy technology revolution
5. Fair and efficient; promote an energy system revolution
6. Mutual benefits and win-win; strengthen international energy cooperation
7. For the benefit of the people; achieve inclusive energy development
Chapter IV Safeguard Measures
1. Improve the energy laws and regulations system
2. Improve the energy fiscal and investment policy
3. Strengthen implementation mechanisms for energy planning
–
Foreword
Energy is an important good for the survival and development of human society, and vital to people's livelihood and national strategic competitiveness。At present, the world energy landscape is being profoundly adjusted, with easing of overall pressure between supply and demand, the response to climate change is entering a new phase, and a new round of energy revolution is flourishing。China's economic development has entered a 'new normal', growth of energy consumption has slowed down, there have appeared problems with development quality and efficiency, there is an urgent need for structural supply side reform, and the energy transition has a long way to go。The "13th FYP" period is a decisive stage in fully building a moderately prosperous society, and also period of accelerated promotion of energy transition. The firm establishment and implementation of the concept of innovation, coordination, green, opened up, and inclusive development, the following of the strategic thinking of "four revolutions, one cooperation" in energy development, deepening the energy revolution, striving to promote a revolution in energy production and consumption, and the construction of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient modern energy system, are a major historical mission of energy development and reform。This plan is based on the "Outline of the 13th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China" (hereinafter referred to as the "13th Five-Year Plan"), and is mainly to clarify the guiding ideology, basic principles, development goals, key tasks and policy measures of China's energy development, and is the overall blueprint and action program of China's energy development during the "13th FYP" period。
Chapter I - Development status and outlook
1. Development status
Over the "12th FYP" period, China's energy development has been relatively rapid, with supply security capabilities having continuously increased, the quality of development has gradually increased, innovation capacity having reached a new level, new technologies, new industries, new business formats and new models have begun to emerge, and energy development has now reached a new starting point for change and transition。
Energy supply security is strong。Total energy production, installed power generation capacity and power generation rank first in the world. There is basically no concern over long-term supply security。Large coal base construction has achieved positive results, having completed construction on a number of safe and efficient large-scale modern coal mines。The oil and gas reserve to extraction ratio is stable and climbing, energy storage and transport capacity has been significantly enhanced, with oil and gas pipeline length growing from 73,000 km to 112,000 km, length of transmission lines 220 kV and above exceeding 600,000 km, and the West-to-East electricity transfer capacity having reached 140 million kilowatts, the capacity for optimized inter-regional resource allocation has been greatly improved。
The pace of structural adjustment has accelerated。The shares of non-fossil energy and natural gas consumption have increased by 2.6 and 1.9 percentage points, respectively, and the share of coal consumption has decreased by 5.2 percentage points, with the pace of increased cleanliness continuously accelerating。Installed generation capacity of hydropower, wind power, and PV, and the capacity of nuclear power under construction rank first in the world。The share of non-fossil energy sources in installed power generation capacity have reached 35%, and newly installed non-fossil power generation made up about 40% of the global total。
There have been outstanding results in energy conservation and emission reductions。Energy consumption per unit of GDP fell by 18.4%, carbon dioxide emission intensity decreased by more than 20%, exceeding planning objectives。Air pollution control action plans have been gradually implemented, construction on key inter-provincial power transmission lines has fully started, programs for upgrading the quality of refined oil products have been deeply implemented, the 11 provinces (cities) in Eastern China have started supplying national standard number five gasoline and diesel vehicle fuels ahead of schedule, the control over coal use in small-scale inefficient boilers and domestic stoves is accelerating, and the level of clean and efficient use of coal is steadily improving。Implementation of desulfurization has been achieved on the entire active fleet of coal-fired power generation units, the ratio of units with denitrification has reached 92%, the coal consumption per kilowatt-hour has fallen by 18 grams of standard coal equivalent, and projects for retrofitting for ultra-low emissions and energy conservation of coal-fired units have fully started。
Scientific and technological innovation has reached a new level。Technologies and equipment for 10 Mt-scale fully mechanized mining, intelligent unmanned coal face mining, tertiary oil recovery and complex well oil and gas development, hydropower generators with single unit capacity of 800 MW, GW-scale ultra-supercritical coal-fired units, UHV transmission and others remain the global forefront。Significant progress has been made in indigenous innovation, with construction having started on demonstration projects with third generation nuclear power "Hualong 1", and fourth generation high-temperature gas-cooled reactors with enhanced safety features. There have been breakthroughs in deepwater oil and gas drilling and in shale gas mining, offshore and low wind speed wind power have entered commercial operation, there are imminent breakthroughs expected in large-scale energy storage, graphene materials and other key technologies, and so energy development has entered a new innovation driven stage。
System reform is steadily moving forward。There has been substantial cancellation and decentralization of administrative examination and approval procedures, with significant results on administrative examination and approval system reform。The electric power system reform continues to deepen, with accelerated implementation of building of an electric power market, the formation of trading institutions, the relaxation of planning of electricity production and consumption, and electricity sales side reform and transmission and distribution pricing reform。There is steady progress on the oil and gas system reform。The two-track system for coal pricing has been canceled, there has been a breakthrough in the coal resource tax reform, and energy investment has been further opened up to private capital。
International cooperation is continuously deepening。Energy cooperation under the "One Belt One Road" initiative has been fully initiated, and energy cooperation in the Sino-Pakistani economic corridor is deepening。The northwest, northeast, southwest and the four marine oil and gas import terminals continue to improve。There have been significant results in cooperation on technology, equipment and services in the fields of electric power, oil and gas, renewable energy, coal and other areas, whilst international cooperation on nuclear energy has taken new steps forward。There is wide bilateral and multilateral exchange on energy matters, and China's influence on international energy affairs has gradually increased。
Table 1. Major achievements in energy development for the "12th FYP" period
| Indicator | Unit | 2010 | 2015 | Average annual growth | |
| Primary energy production | Mt st. coal eq. | 3,120 | 3,620 | 3% | |
| Of which：Coal | Mt | 3,430 | 3,750 | 1.80% | |
| Crude oil | Mt | 200 | 215 | 1.10% | |
| Natural gas | Million cubic meter | 95,790 | 134,600 | 7.00% | |
| Non-fossil energy sources | Mt st. coal eq. | 320 | 520 | 10.20% | |
| Installed power generation capacity | MW | 970,000 | 1,530,000 | 9.50% | |
| Of which：Hydro power | MW | 220,000 | 320,000 | 8.10% | |
| Coal-fired power | MW | 660,000 | 900,000 | 6.40% | |
| Gas-fired power | MW | 26,420 | 66,030 | 20.10% | |
| Nuclear power | MW | 10,820 | 27,170 | 20.20% | |
| Wind power | MW | 29,580 | 130,750 | 34.60% | |
| Solar power | MW | 260 | 43,180 | 177% | |
| Total energy consumption | Mt st. coal eq. | 3,610 | 4,300 | 3.60% | |
| Energy consumption mix | |||||
| Of which：Coal | % | 69.2 | 64 | 〔-5.2〕 | |
| Oil | % | 17.4 | 18.1 | 〔0.7〕 | |
| Natural gas | % | 4 | 5.9 | 〔1.9〕 | |
| Non-fossil energy sources | % | 9.4 | 12 | 〔2.6〕 | |
Note：〔〕Value for the 5 year period。
2. Development trends
From the international perspective, the global economy will be in deep adjustment and twisted and turned recovery during the "13th FYP" period, with the international energy situation undergoing major adjustments, whilst international competition on energy markets and innovation remains fierce, and will mainly show the following five trends。
Easing of tight energy supply and demand situation。The US shale oil and gas revolution, is promoting a substantial increase in global oil and gas reserves and production。Liquefied natural gas technology is further maturing, global natural gas trade continues to grow, and develop from regionalization to globalization。Non-fossil energy sources are developing rapidly and have become a new growth pole for energy supply。The growth rate of the world's major developed and emerging economies is decreasing, energy demand growth has slowed down significantly, and there is sufficient global energy supply capacity。
Multi-polarity in energy structure。The center of gravity in global energy consumption is increasingly rapidly shifting eastward, with energy consumption in developed countries basically stable, and energy consumption in developing countries continuing to grow at a rapid pace, the Asia-Pacific region has become the main force in global energy consumption growth。US oil and gas production capacity continues to grow, becoming one of the main supply regions for international oil and gas production, with the very dominant position in oil and gas supply of Western Asia weakening, gradually forming a new multi-polar development pattern with Western and Central Asia & Russia, Africa and the Americas。
Lower carbon energy structure。The global process of decarbonization of energy is further accelerating, with natural gas and non-fossil energy becoming the main trend in global energy development。The share of natural gas in energy consumption in OECD member countries has already exceeded 30%, and is expected to become the largest energy source by 2030。The share of renewable energy consumption has reached 15% in the EU, and is expected to exceed 27% by 2030。The Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan has affected the global nuclear power development process, but, under the premise of guaranteed safety, major nuclear power users and some emerging countries will continue to let nuclear power be a tool in low carbon energy development。
Intelligent energy systems。Energy technology innovation is accelerating, with a new batch of energy technologies fast unfolding, and new models energy production and consumption, with specific smart or intelligent characteristics, are beginning to emerge。Smart grid development is accelerating, and distributed intelligent energy supply systems are beginning to be applied in industrial parks, urban communities, public buildings and private residences. The industrialization process of new energy vehicles is accelerating. More and more energy consumers are participating in energy production and market trading, and new intelligent energy business formats are in their early embryonic phase。
Increasingly complex international competition。International energy competition is changing focus from the traditional control over resources and strategic supply channels, and is expanding towards price setting control, settlement currency control, and control over guiding transitions。Benefits of energy producing and consuming countries are being differentiated and adjusted, with increasing struggles between the traditional and emerging energy producers, with accelerated reconstruction of the global energy management system。
From the domestic perspective, the "13th FYP" period is a very important period in China's economic and social development。Energy development will show the following five trends。
Significantly reduced growth rate of energy consumption。Over the next five years, the demand for steel, nonferrous metals, building materials and other key energy intensive products is expected to reach its peak, with energy consumption stabilizing and slowly falling。Under the combined effects from a slowdown in economic growth, structural transformation, accelerated upgrading, and other factors, average annual growth in energy consumption is expected to fall from the 9% during the "10th FYP" period, to circa 2.5% in the next few years。
Accelerated 'dual replacement' in energy structure。The "13th FYP" period is a crucial period in achieving the target of 15% non-fossil energy consumption, but is also a key period in laying a foundation for reaching a peak of carbon emissions around the year 2030。The share of coal will be further reduced, and there will be significant increases in the shares of non-fossil energy and natural gas in total energy consumption. The process of dual replacement in China's energy structure will accelerate, with oil and gas replacing coal, and non-fossil energy sources replacing fossil energy。
Energy development accelerates and changes direction。There is an ongoing transformation in energy development, from currently relying mainly on resource investment to being innovation driven. Innovation in science and technology, system and development models will further promote cleaner and smarter energy development, cultivating the formation of new industries and new business formats。Energy consumption growth gradually shift from mainly from the traditional high energy-consuming industries, to the tertiary industry and household energy use. New drivers of energy consumption growth will be modern manufacturing, large data centers, new energy vehicles, etc.。
Profound changes in energy supply and demand patterns。With technological breakthroughs and commercial applications of smart grids, distributed energy, low wind speed wind power, the use of new materials in solar energy and other technologies, energy supply and demand methods and system patterns are undergoing profound changes。Distributed energy supply systems, which develop "according to local conditions, and utilizing local materials", will increasingly satisfy energy demand growth. Wind, solar, biomass and geothermal energy will have a more prominent role in energy supply systems in new towns and new villages。
A higher level of international energy cooperation。With in-depth implementation of construction of the "One Belt One Road" initiative and international cooperation in energy production, promote a wider range, a higher level and deeper stage of opening up and integration in the area of energy. With advantages to strengthening international energy cooperation in all aspects, form a new structure for energy security under the condition of opening up。
3. Main issues and challenges
During the "13th FYP" period, China's energy consumption growth will slow down, supply security pressure eases, there is relative abundant supply, and energy development enters a new stage。Simultaneously with the relatively abundant supply versus demand, issues in energy structure, institutional mechanisms and other conflicts are increasingly clear, becoming important factors restricting the sustainable development of energy。Looking forward, China's energy development is facing a period of strategic opportunity with abundant development advantages, adjustment and optimization of the energy structure, and accelerating transformation and upgrading, but also faces serious challenges in many intertwined conflicts and increased risks and hidden dangers。
There is a clear excess in traditional energy production capacity。There is a coal production capacity surplus, and a serious imbalance between supply and demand。The hours of productivity of coal-fired power generation units are significantly lower and showing a further downward trend, resulting in inefficient use of equipment, and substantial increases in energy consumption and the level of pollutant emissions。There is a capacity surplus in crude oil processing, with capacity utilization rates of less than 70%, but there is insufficient high-quality and clean production capacity for refined oil products。
The development of renewable energy faces multiple bottlenecks。The policies for the guaranteed full purchase of renewable energy has not yet been implemented effectively。The power system's peak shaving capacity is insufficient, scheduling and peak load compensation mechanisms are not perfect, making it difficult to adapt to the demands for large-scale grid-connected renewable energy, with serious curtailment issues for wind, hydro and PV in some areas。Mechanisms to encourage costs reduction through technological progress, and the accelerated development of distributed forms, of wind and PV power generation have not yet been established, and the diversification of renewable energy development models is constrained。Opening up of the natural gas consumption market is urgently needed。There are simultaneous issues with a relatively low natural gas consumption level and a increasingly growing supply capacity surplus, with a need for expansion of new consumer markets as soon as possible。The infrastructure is imperfect, the density of the pipeline network is low, there is a serious shortage of gas storage and peak regulation facilities, transmission and distribution costs are relatively high, so the expansion of natural gas consumption faces many obstacles。Market mechanisms are imperfect, it is difficult to timely import natural gas from international market when costs are low, and overall prices of natural gas are relatively high. With further decreases in coal and oil prices, the price competitiveness of gas is further weakened, constraining expansion of the natural gas consumption market。
There are arduous tasks for cleaner and alternative energy。In some areas, energy production and consumption are close to the upper limit of the environmental carrying capacity, and air pollution is severe。Coal accounted for more than 20% of final energy consumption, 10 percentage points higher than the world average。Production costs of clean alternatives such as "gas replacing coal" or " electricity replacing coal" are high, and there are difficulties in promoting clean coal. A large amount of coal in consumed in scattered small-scale boilers, small kilns, in household use, and other areas, with serious emissions of pollutants。The utilization of high-quality clean refined oil products is low, and there is an urgent need to upgrade fuels for transport and other uses。
The overall efficiency of the energy system is relatively low。The integrated and complementary or cascaded use of electricity, heat, gas and other energy supply systems is not high。The peak to valley ratio of electric power and natural gas has gradually increased, the system peaking capacity is seriously inadequate, and demand side response mechanisms have not yet been fully established. Supply capacity has generally been designed to satisfy the maximum load, resulting in a continued to decline of the utilization rates of equipment。Wind power and solar power generation are mainly concentrated in the northwest region, large-scale long-distance inter-provincial transmission requires a large coal-fired regulating capacity, the ratio of clean energy in inter-provincial transmission is low, and the system's utilization efficiency is not high。
There are clear conflicts in inter-provincial energy resources allocation。Energy resources rich areas are mostly still continuing with large-scale development and large inter-provincial export, but the demand growth has slowed down in key energy consuming areas, the market space is shrinking, there is more attention being paid to the cost and controllability of the procured energy, and the enthusiasm for accepting energy imported from other areas has generally reduced。The conflicts of interests between areas exporting and importing energy are increasing, and the optimal distribution of clean energy country-wide is obstructed. Part of the inter-provincial energy transport infrastructure is facing risks of inefficient operations or even being idle。
The institutional mechanisms to adapt to the energy transition and revolution are to be improved。Policy coordination on energy pricing, taxation, financing, environmental protection, etc., is insufficient, building of the energy market system lags behind schedule, and the role of the market in allocation of resources has not been fully exploited。The pricing system is imperfect; there is a relative lack of compensation, and a corresponding price mechanism, for peaking capacity in electric power and natural gas, scientific and flexible price adjustment mechanisms have not yet fully formed, and is not suited to the new requirements of the energy revolution。
Chapter II - Guidelines and objectives
1. Guiding ideology
Fully implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress and the third, fourth, fifth and sixth plenary sessions of the 18th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. More closely united around the center of the Party, with Comrade Xi Jinping as the core, conscientiously implement the decision-making arrangements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, closely revolving around the comprehensive promotion of the "five in one" overall lay-out and the coordinated promotion of the "four comprehensive" strategic layout. Firmly establish and implement the concept of innovative, coordinated, green, opened up, inclusive development, take the initiative to adapt, grasp and lead economic development in the 'new normal', follow the strategic thinking of "four revolutions, one cooperation" in energy development, and conform to global trends in energy development. Adhere to the main line of promoting supply side structural reform, with meet the requirements for economic and social development and livelihood needs as the foundation, and with improving the quality and efficiency of energy development as the core, focus on optimizing the energy system, focus on resolving the shortcomings in resource and environmental constraints, low quality and efficiency, weak infrastructure, and a lack of key technologies, focus on cultivating new technologies, new industries, and new business models in the field of energy, strive to enhance the general level of energy services, comprehensively promote a revolution in energy production and consumption, strive to build a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient modern energy system, in order to provide solid energy security for a comprehensive moderately prosperous society。
2. Basic principles
——Revolution and leadership; innovative development。Let the energy revolution be the core task of energy development, and let innovation be the prime mover leading the development of energy。Accelerate technological innovation, institutional innovation, business model innovation. Give full play to the decisive role of market allocation of resources, enhance the vigor of development, promote sustainable and healthy development of energy。
——Efficiency as the basis; coordinated development。Adhere to the basic national policy of conserving resources, and let energy conservation diffuse through the entire process of economic and social development. Implement internationally advanced energy efficiency standards and energy conservation systems, and promote the formation of the society-wide energy-saving modes of production and patterns of consumption。With smart and efficient as the goal, strengthen energy system co-ordination and optimization, promote synergistic and coordinated development of various types of energy, ans significantly improve system efficiency。
——Clean & low-carbon; green growth。Let the development of clean and low-carbon energy be the main direction for adjusting the energy structure, and adhere to the simultaneous development of non-fossil energy and the clean and efficient use of fossil fuels。Gradually reduce the share of coal consumption, increase the share of natural gas and non-fossil energy consumption, significantly reduce the intensity of carbon dioxide emissions and pollutant emissions levels, optimize the energy production lay-out and structure, and promote the construction of an ecological civilization。
——Based on the domestic; opened up development。Strengthen the exploration and development of energy resources, enhance the emergency energy reserve capabilities, construct a diversified energy supply system, and maintain an adequate and stable supply of energy。Actively implement the "One Belt One Road" strategy, deepen international cooperation in energy production capacity and equipment manufacturing, promote inter-connectivity of energy infrastructure, enhance the quality of energy trade, and actively participate in global energy governance。
——The people as the basis; inclusive development。In accordance with the requirements of a comprehensively moderately prosperous society, strengthen construction of energy infrastructure and of public service capacities, enhance industry support capacities, increase the level of universal energy services, and effectively protect and improve people's livelihood。Adhere to the organic combination of energy development and poverty alleviation, promote energy poverty alleviation projects, and prioritize major energy projects that support the old revolutionary base areas, areas with large shares of ethnic minorities, border areas and concentrated contiguous impoverished areas。
——Firm bottom lines; safe development。Establish bottom line thinking, enhance the sense of crisis, adhere to the concept of national overall security, and firmly grasp control of energy security。Enhance the domestic oil and gas supply security capabilities, promote oil reduction and replacement in key areas, accelerate the development of production industries for oil alternatives, strengthen "coal-to-oil", "coal-to-gas" and other strategic technology reserves, co-ordinate the "two markets, two kinds of resources", build a diversified security guarantee system, and guarantee national energy security。
3. Policy orientation
Further emphasize development quality, adjust the stock, optimize increases, and actively resolve the excess capacity。For existing excess production capacity and potential excess production capacity in the conventional energy industries, in principle, do not arrange new projects in the early phases of the "13th FYP" period, and vigorously promote the upgrading and elimination of backward production capacity。Reasonably control the pace of development of new and renewable energy, strive to absorb the existing stock, and optimize the development of further increases. New large bases or projects should identify market space prior to construction。As soon as possible, establish and improve generation equipment utilization monitoring and early warning and control mechanisms for coal, wind and PV power generation, to promote the healthy and orderly development of related industries。
Further emphasize structural adjustment, accelerating the "dual replacement", and promote green & low-carbon energy development。Seize the favorable opportunities in the loosening energy supply and demand, and accelerate the pace of 'dual replacement' in energy structure。Strive to reduce the share of coal consumption, accelerate the comprehensive management of scattered coal use in small-scale boilers and household stoves, and vigorously promote grading and cascaded use of coal。Encourage diversification of investment in natural gas exploration and development, achieve fair access to storage and transportation facilities, accelerate price reform, reduce the cost of its use, and expand natural gas consumption。Bring the development of hydropower and nuclear power forward in planning, moderately increase the scale of construction, steadily promote the development of wind power, solar energy and other renewable energies, to lay the foundation for achieving the 2030 non-fossil energy development goals。
Further emphasize system optimization, innovation and development models, and actively build intelligent energy systems。Let upgrading the system peak regulation capacity be a key element in resolving the shortcomings in electric power system development. Accelerate the construction of high-quality peak shaving power sources, actively develop energy storage, revolutionize scheduling operation methods, accelerate breakthroughs in power grid balancing, self-adaptive grids, and other operation control technologies, and significantly increase the capacity of the power system for peak regulation and the absorption of renewable energy。Strengthen demand side management for electric power and natural gas, and significantly enhance consumer response capacities。Vigorously promote the integration energy supply of heat, electricity, cooling, and gas, and accelerate the construction of "Internet +" intelligent energy systems。
Further emphasize market rules, strengthen market self-regulation, and actively change energy supply and demand models。To adapt to the new trend of reduced demand for inter-provincial and inter-regional redistribution of energy, and to manage well the relationship between local energy balances and inter-provincial supply, carefully study the feasibility of the new inter-provincial and inter-regional energy export infrastructure。Utilize market mechanisms to coordinate interests of both the sending and receiving sides in inter-provincial electricity exports, and utilize comparative advantages, to achieve mutual benefits and a win-win situation。Adhere to simultaneous centralized and distributed development, attaches great importance to the development of distributed energy, vigorously promote intelligent energy supply and energy use, and cultivate new growth momentum。
Further emphasize economic benefits, follow rules of industrial development, and enhance the competitiveness of energy and related industries。With relatively low comprehensive cost of energy use as an important goal and measurement indicator of energy development, further stress affordability, focus on developing low-cost energy advantages。Follow industry development trends and rules, gradually reduce price levels and subsidy levels for wind and PV power generation, reasonably guide market expectations, promote technological progress and industrial upgrading through competition, and realize the healthy and sustainable development of the industry。
Further emphasize institutional innovation, give full play to the role of price regulation, and promote fair market competition。Open up pricing in the electricity and natural gas sectors, and gradually form a pricing mechanism that timely responds to market supply and demand and is in line with the specific characteristics of energy development, and guide the behavior of market actors towards rational energy production and consumption。Promote the implementation of market regulation and green fiscal mechanisms conducive to enhancing the competitiveness of clean and low carbon energy。
4. Key targets
In accordance with the overall requirements from the 13th Five-year Plan outline, and comprehensively considering safety, resources, environment, technology, economic and other factors, the key energy development targets for 2020 are：
——Total energy consumption。Total energy consumption is kept below 5 billion tons of standard coal equivalent; total coal consumption is kept below 4.1 billion tons。Total electricity consumption expected to be 6.800 to 7.200 TWh。
——Energy security。Self-sufficiency is kept at 80% or more, enhance strategic energy security capabilities, improve energy efficiency, increase the share of clean alternative energy sources。
——Energy supply capacity。Maintain steady growth in energy supply, with a domestic primary energy production equivalent to about 4 billion ton of standard coal, of which 3.9 billion ton of coal, 200 million ton of crude oil, 220 billion cubic meter of natural gas, and non-fossil energy equivalent to 750 million ton of standard coal。About 2,000 GW of installed electricity generation capacity。
——Energy consumption mix。Increase non-fossil energy consumption to more than 15% of total energy consumption, natural gas consumption at 10% of total energy consumption, and a share of coal consumption falling to below 58%。Coal-fired power generation will account for 55% or more of total coal consumption。
——Energy system efficiency。Energy consumption per unit of GDP will drop 15% below 2015 levels, and coal consumption is reduced to less than 310 grams of standard coal equivalent per kilowatt-hour. Transmission losses are kept below 6.5%。
——Low-carbon energy and environmental protection。CO2 emissions per unit of GDP will be down 18% from 2015 levels。The level of environmental protection in the energy industry will be significantly improved. Emissions of pollutants from coal-fired power plant will be significantly reduced. Coal-fired units with a potential for retro-fitting will all achieve ultra-low emissions。
——Universal energy services。The level of public energy services will be significantly improved, convenient basic energy services will be realized, and the gap in residential electricity consumption between urban and rural populations will be significantly reduced。
Table 2. Key energy development indicators for the "13th FYP" period
| Category | Indicator | Unit | 2015 | 2020 | Average annual growth | Type |
| Total energy | Primary energy production | Mt st. coal eq. | 3,620 | 4,000 | 2.00% | Guiding |
| Total installed power generation capacity | MW | 1,530,000 | 2,000,000 | 5.50% | Guiding | |
| Total energy consumption | Mt st. coal eq. | 4,300 | <5,000 | <3% | Guiding | |
| Total coal consumption | Mt coal(orig. weight) | 3,960 | 4,100 | 0.70% | Guiding | |
| Total power cons. | TWh | 5,690 | 6,800-7,200 | 3.6-4.8% | Guiding | |
| Energy security | Energy self-sufficiency | % | 84 | >80 | Guiding | |
| Energy mix | Proportion of non-fossil power generation capacity | % | 35 | 39 | 〔4〕 | Guiding |
| Proportion of non-fossil power generation | % | 27 | 31 | 〔4〕 | Guiding | |
| Share of non-fossil energy consumption | % | 12 | 15 | 〔3〕 | Binding | |
| Proportion of energy consumption from natural gas | % | 5.9 | 10 | 〔4.1〕 | Guiding | |
| Proportion of energy consumption from coal | % | 64 | 58 | 〔-6〕 | Binding | |
| Proportion of coal based electricity consumption | % | 49 | 55 | 〔6〕 | Guiding | |
| Energy efficiency | Reduction in energy consumption per unit of GDP | % | – | – | 〔15〕 | Binding |
| Coal consumption by coal-fired power generation units | g st. coal eq./kWh | 318 | <310 | Binding | ||
| Grid losses | % | 6.64 | <6.5 | Guiding | ||
| Energy and environmental protection | Reductions in carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP | % | – | – | 〔18〕 | Binding |
Note：〔〕Value for the 5 year period。
Chapter III - Key tasks
1. Efficient and intelligent; strive for optimizing the energy system
With the goal of enhancing the overall efficiency of the energy system, optimize the energy development layout, strengthen the peaking capacity of the electric power system, implement projects for enhancing the capacity for demand side response, promote integration and optimization of energy production and supply, and build a diversified and complementary intelligent energy system in which energy supply and demand are coordinated。
Optimize the energy development layout。According to the national development strategy, combined with the main nationwide topical plans and air pollution control requirements, fully considering industry relocation and upgrading, resource and environment constraints and energy transport costs, comprehensively and systemically optimize the energy development layout。Areas with rich and concentrated energy resources should reasonably control the scale of development and the pace of construction of large-scale energy bases, innovate development and utilization models, increase the share of locally consumed energy, and promote the construction of inter-provincial transmission lines in accordance with the situation in the target markets。Energy consuming areas should, according to local conditions, develop distributed energy, and reduce dependence on energy imports。Give full play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources and improve the role of government. On the basis of self-balancing of supply and demand, reasonably and optimally allocate energy resources, correctly handle the relationship between the strategy for fully consuming clean energy and the mutually beneficial balancing between regions. Effectively solve the issue of wind, PV, hydro curtailment, the under utilization of transmission lines, and other wastes of resources, and improve the energy system efficiency。
Strengthen capacity building for peak regulation in the electric power system。Accelerate the construction of high-quality peaking power supply such as large-scale pumped storage hydropower stations, storage hydropower stations, natural gas peaking plants, etc. Increase retrofitting efforts for flexibility and peak regulation of existing cogeneration and coal-fired power generation units. Improve the power system's peak regulation performance, reduce redundant installations and operating costs, and improve the capacity to absorb renewable energy。Actively carry out construction of energy storage demonstration projects, and promote coordinated and optimized operation of energy storage systems with new and renewable energy sources and the electric power system。Promote transformation of electric power system operating modes, implement energy-saving and low-carbon scheduling mechanisms, accelerate building electricity spot markets and electric power ancillary service markets, and reasonably compensate for the costs of electric power peak regulation。
Implement projects to enhance capacities for energy demand response。Paying equal attention to the demand and supply side, improve market mechanisms and technical support systems, implement "energy-efficient power plant" and "energy-efficient gas storage" construction projects, gradually improve the pricing mechanisms, guide electricity and natural gas users to participate in peak regulation and peak reduction, and enhance demand responsiveness。With support from smart grids, micro-grids, electric vehicles and energy storage technology, vigorously develop distributed energy networks, and enhance user flexibility and adaptability for participation in regulation of energy supply and balancing。Actively implement contract energy management, integrated energy-savings services and other market-oriented mechanisms and new business models。
Implement diversified complementary integrated optimization projects。Strengthen the comprehensive planning and integrated construction of the final energy supply system. In new towns, new industrial parks, new large-scale public facilities (airports, stations, hospitals, schools, etc.), business districts, island areas and other areas that add to growth of energy consumption, implement integrated final energy supply projects, and in accordance with local conditions, promote natural gas tri-generation of heat, power and cooling, distributed renewable electricity generation, geothermal heating and cooling and other modes of energy supply, and strengthen the integrated production and complementary use of heat, electricity, cooling, gas, etc.。In existing industrial parks and other energy consuming areas, promote retrofitting for comprehensive and cascaded utilization of energy, promote the application of corresponding energy supply models, and strengthen the recycling and comprehensive utilization of waste heat and pressure, industrial by-products, municipal waste and other energy resources。Utilize advantageous combinations of wind energy, solar energy, hydro energy, coal, natural gas and other resources in large-scale comprehensive energy bases, and promote the construction and operation of diversified and complementary wind, solar, hydro, thermal energy and energy storage projects。
Box 3. Key projects for energy system optimization |
| Construction of comprehensive energy base projects：Comprehensively plan, intensively develop, and optimize the construction of five national comprehensive energy bases in Shanxi, the Ordos Basin, Eastern Inner Mongolia, the Southwest region and in Xinjiang。Steadily promote regional energy base development in Ningxia Ningdong and Gansu Longdong, scientifically plan construction of regional energy bases in Anhui Huaihe, Guizhou Bijie, Shaanxi Yan'an, Inner Mongolia Hulunbeier, Hebei Zhangjiakou, etc., and promote coordinated and sustainable regional energy development。
Construction of high-quality peak regulation unit projects：Accelerate the construction of the Longtan and Gangtao projects in the Jinsha River and other storage hydropower stations, construct the Lianghekou project in the Yalong River, the Shuangjiangkou project in the Dadu River and other storage hydropower stations, and improve the ability of hydropower projects to adjust to seasonal rainfall patterns and the efficiency of hydropower utilization。Reasonably plan the scale and lay-out of pumped storage hydropower stations, improve investment, price mechanism and management systems, and accelerate the construction of large-scale pumped storage hydropower stations. Start construction on 60 GW of new generation capacity, and reach 40 GW of operational capacity by 2020。In large and medium-sized cities, areas with ensured gas resources and areas with concentrated wind and PV development, prioritize the arrangement of natural gas peaking power plants 。 Diversified and complementary wind, solar, hydro, thermal energy and energy storage projects：Focusing on Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Inner Mongolia and other provinces, utilize the combination of wind energy, solar energy, hydro energy, coal, natural gas and other resource advantages, and fully utilize the peak shaving capacity and efficiency of cascaded hydropower and flexible peak regulation thermal power units. Actively promote research and development of energy storage and other technologies, improve the supporting market and pricing mechanisms, carry out demonstration of complementary integrated wind, solar, hydro, thermal energy and energy storage projects, improve the stability of power output and transmission efficiency of complementary power systems and enhance the capacity for local consumption of renewable electricity generation。Accelerate the development of electricity storage, heat storage, gas storage and other types of combined large capacity, highly efficient energy storage systems. Actively construct energy storage demonstration projects, and reasonably plan and construct integrated facilities for power supply, fuel supply, gas supply and energy (electricity) storage stations。 Integrated final energy supply projects：In areas that add to energy consumption growth, strengthen comprehensively planned and integrated construction of final energy supply systems. In accordance with local conditions, implement the coordinated development and utilization of conventional energy with wind, solar, geothermal, biomass, marine, and other energies, comprehensibly plan electricity, gas, heat, cooling, water supply and other infrastructure, and construct integrated final energy supply systems。In existing energy consuming areas, promote application of above-mentioned energy supply models, whilst accelerating retrofitting for the comprehensive and cascaded use of energy, and constructing power generation units for the comprehensive utilization of waste heat and pressure。Complete construction of integrated final energy supply demonstration projects in Beijing's 'deputy city center', in Fujian Pingtan comprehensive experimentation zone, in Shanxi Datong economic and technological development zone, etc. The scale of comprehensive utilization of waste heat and pressure will reach 10 GW. Construct a number of intelligent energy demonstration parks。 Construction of "Energy-efficient power plant" projects：Nationwide expansion and implementation of peak-valley, seasonal, interruptible load, and other pricing systems. Promote the implementation of a price linkage mechanism between gas and electricity。In Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangxi, Fujian and other provinces with a large share of hydropower, implement rainfall related pricing mechanisms。Encourage the development of consulting, diagnostics, design, financing, retrofitting, trustee and other "one-stop" energy performance contracting services, and actively carry out energy performance contracting demonstration projects。 |
Actively promote "Internet +" intelligent energy development。Accelerate the smart development of all energy fields and all energy sectors, implement intelligent retrofitting of energy production and utilization infrastructure, promote construction of intelligent systems for energy monitoring, energy measurement, scheduling and management, and improve sustainable self-adaptive capacity in energy development。Accelerate the development of smart grids, actively promote construction of intelligent substations and intelligent dispatch systems, expand the scope of application of intelligent metering and other intelligent measurement facilities, intelligent information systems, intelligent energy consumption facilities, and improve the interactive responsiveness of the power grid and supply and demand sides。Promote deep integration of energy and information, materials, biotechnology and other areas of new technology, co-ordinate construction of energy and communications, transportation and other infrastructure, and construct an "energy internet" for the comprehensive development of integrated and complementary energy production, transportation, use and storage。
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2. Energy conservation and low-carbon; promote an energy consumption revolution
Prioritize energy conservation, strengthen guiding and binding mechanisms, curb unreasonable energy consumption, enhance the cleanliness level of energy consumption, and gradually build a energy conserving, efficient, clean, low-carbon energy consumption model。
Implementation "double control" of total energy consumption and energy consumption intensity。Use total energy consumption and energy consumption intensity as important binding indicators of economic and social development, and establish a practical composite indicator mechanism。Adjust the industry structure, make comprehensive use of economic, legal and other means, and effectively promote energy conservation in industrial, construction, transportation and other key areas. Through the elimination of backward production capacity, accelerating the upgrading and transformation of traditional industries and cultivation of new functionality, improve energy efficiency。Strengthen energy efficiency management in key industries, promote the construction of energy management systems in key enterprises, improve the efficiency of energy consuming equipment, and create strict energy consumption standards for steel, electrolytic aluminum, cement and other high energy consumption industries。
Carry out coal consumption reduction programmes。Strictly control total coal consumption. In the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Shandong, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and other regions, implement coal reduction and substitution; in other key areas implement coal substitution。Improve energy efficiency and environmental standards, and actively promote retrofitting for energy conservation and emission reduction in the iron and steel, building materials, chemical and other industries with high coal consumption。Fully implement integrated control of raw coal use in household stoves and small-scale boilers, gradually implement replacement of household raw coal use with natural gas, electricity, clean coal briquettes, renewable energy and other clean energy alternatives, implement retrofitting and upgrading projects on industrial coal-fired boilers and kilns, realizing significant progress in raw coal use management。
Expand the natural gas consumption market。Actively promote natural gas prices reform, promote the construction of a natural gas market, explore the establishment of a reasonable price linkage mechanism between gas and electricity, reduce the total costs of natural gas consumption, and expand the scale of consumption of natural gas。Steadily promote opening up of natural gas receiving and storage facilities, and encourage direct supply to large users。Appropriately layout the natural gas distribution network and service facilities, focusing on residential users, power generation, transportation and industry and other areas, and implement programs to promote natural gas consumption。Focusing on the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Northeast, promote "coal to gas" projects in key cities。Accelerate the construction of natural gas distributed energy projects and natural gas peaking power plants。By 2020, the installed gas-fired power generation capacity will reach 110 GW。
Implement electrification projects。Actively promote electrification to replace other energy sources in residential energy use, in industrial and agricultural production, in transportation and in other fields。Popularize electric boilers, electric kilns, electric heating and other new energy use methods. Focusing on Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the surrounding areas, accelerate the promotion of electric heating in rural areas. In areas with abundant and concentrated renewable energy resources, use valley period surplus power to implement energy storage for heating。Improve the electrification rate of railways, construct electric vehicle charging facilities appropriately ahead of charging demand growth, vigorously develop shore-side electric power supply in ports and ground power supply in airports, and promote "electricity replacing oil" in the transport sector。By 2020, the proportion of electricity in final energy consumption is increased to 27% or more。
Carry out special programs for upgrading the quality of refined oil products。From 2017 onward, use only national standard level five gasoline and diesel. Pay close attention to the development of the national standard level six for gasoline and diesel, and strive to fully implement these in 2019。Accelerate the promotion of quality upgrades of ordinary diesel and marine fuel oil, promote the use of biomass fuels and other clean fuels, and increase the strategic reserve capacity for coal to liquids fuel。Strengthen the supervision of car and ship exhaust emissions and emission reduction devices retrofitting, ensuring simultaneous upgrading of different types of engines。
Innovate the production and residential energy use model。Implement industrial energy conservation, green building, green transport and other clean energy and energy-conservation programs。Improve the energy efficiency standard system, vigorously develop and promote energy conservation and energy efficient technology and products, and realize complete coverage of energy conservation standards, focusing on energy consuming industry and equipment。Implement an energy efficiency "leader" system for key energy-consuming industries and the corresponding assessment standard system。Actively establish clean energy demonstration provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities), green energy demonstration cities (counties), intelligent energy demonstration towns (villages, islands) and green parks (industrial parks). Guide residents towards scientific and rational use of energy, and promote the creation of lifestyles and social habits that emphasize energy conservation。
Box 4. Key projects for the energy consumption revolution |
| Natural gas consumption promotion program：Expand the scope of urban areas that restrict the use highly polluting fuels, accelerate the implementation of "coal to gas"。Focusing on Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Northeast, promote "coal to gas" projects in key cities, increase gas consumption by 45 billion cubic meters, replacing the equivalent of 18.9 million tons of steam from coal-fired boilers。Increase the share of natural gas-fired power generation, encourage the development of distributed natural gas multi- or co-generation projects, support the development of gas peaking power plants, and develop gas-fired cogeneration projects in line with heat demand。Expand the use of natural gas in transport, and promote natural gas buses, taxis, logistics and distribution vehicles, urban cleaning services trucks, heavy trucks and liquefied natural gas ships。
Charging infrastructure construction：Construct the "four vertical and four horizontal" intercity electric vehicle fast charging network, adding more than 800 intercity fast charging stations。Add more than 12,000 centralized charging stations and more than 4.8 million decentralized charging piles, in order to meet nationwide charging demand for 5 million electric vehicles。 Energy conservation programs：Vigorously promote the use of energy efficient and energy conserving products and equipment. Develop highly efficient boilers, internal combustion engines, electric motors and transformers, promote retrofitting of highly energy consuming general equipment, promote energy efficient appliances and green lighting, and continuously improve the energy efficiency of key energy consuming equipment。Improve building energy efficiency standards, accelerate energy efficiency renovation of buildings, promote heat supply metering, improve the green building standard system, promote ultra-low energy consumption buildings。Implement energy conservation renovation projects in industrial parks, and strengthen cascaded energy use in industrial parks。Vigorously develop urban public transport, increase the share of green transport。 Clean energy demonstration provinces and autonomous regions projects：Focusing on increasing the share of non-fossil energy and natural gas consumption, controlling coal consumption, and increasing the cleanliness of energy use, accelerate the promotion of Zhejiang clean energy demonstration province, Ningxia new energy comprehensive demonstration area, the construction of renewable energy demonstration zones in Qinghai and Zhangjiakou, support the construction of clean energy demonstration provinces in Sichuan, Hainan, Tibet and other provinces with the right conditions, support Xigaze and other regions in fully utilizing their comprehensive comparative resource advantages, promote the construction of green energy demonstration areas, and construct a number of intelligent energy demonstration cities (townships, parks, buildings) in areas with suitable resource conditions and development status。 |
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3. Diversified development; promote an energy supply revolution
Promote structural reform of the energy supply side. With the five major national energy bases as key optimized stock, make the promotion of clean and efficient development and utilization of coal and other fossil energy the primary task of energy transition and development. Simultaneously, vigorously expand additional energy supply, actively develop non-fossil energy, strengthen the construction of the energy transmission and distribution network and emergency reserve facilities, accelerate the formation of a multiple source energy supply system, striving to improve the quality and efficiency of the energy supply system。
Strive to resolve and prevent overcapacity in energy production。Adhere to a combination of transformation, upgrading and eliminating backward capacity, comprehensively employ market and necessary administrative means, improve the efficiency of the existing stock of production capacity, strictly control new production capacity, support enterprises in carrying out international cooperation in energy production, promote market-clearing, with multiple measures simultaneously promoting a balance in market supply and demand。Strengthen market monitoring and early warning, strengthen policy guidance, take the initiative to guard against risks, promote the orderly and healthy development of industry。
——Coal。Strictly control the approval of new coal mine projects, technological retrofitting projects with additional capacity, and projects with increased approved production capacity. Guarantee that new coal mines that do need to be built, replace existing capacity。Using market-oriented means and safety, environmental protection, technological, quality and other standards, accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity and production capacity that is not in line with industrial policy. Actively guide the orderly exit of coal production capacity that cannot guarantee safety, is resource depleted, has poor geological conditions, is heavily environmentally polluting, or has long-term losses. Promote corporate mergers and acquisitions, and encourage integrated management of coal, power generation, chemical industry and other upstream and downstream industries。Implementation a registration notice system for coal production capacity, strictly control illegal coal mine project construction, control excess production capacity。During the "13th FYP" period, halt construction of a number of coal mine projects under construction, and ensure production capacity of the 14 large coal bases exceed 95% of the national total。
Box 5. Coal development priorities |
| Strictly control new production capacity：On the basis of making full use of the existing coal production capacity, and linked with power generation and modern coal to chemical projects that have already been planned, reasonably arrange the construction of new coal mine projects according to market conditions, in the Shendong, northern Shaanxi, Huanglong and Xinjiang bases；Orderly continue constructing coal mines, and control the scale of coal production in the East Inner Mongolia (northeast), East Ningxia, Northern Shanxi, Central Shanxi, Eastern Shanxi and Yunnan-Guizhou bases；reduce the scale of coal production in the West Shandong, Central Hebei, Henan and the LiangHuai bases。
Accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity：As soon as possible, close 13 types of backward, small coal mines, as well as coal mines that overlap nature reserves, scenic spots, protected drinking water sources and other areas。Before 2018, eliminate coal mines with production capacity of less than 300 kton/year and in which major safety accidents have occurred, coal mines with production capacity of less than 150 kton/year and in which relatively large safety accidents have occurred, as well as coal mines that utilize mining methods or technology clearly banned by the national government, or that use technology that cannot be retrofitted。 Orderly withdrawal of excess production capacity：Orderly market exit for coal mines that overlap with environmentally sensitive areas as stipulated by relevant laws or that need special protection, for coal mines using non-mechanized mining methods and production capacity of less than 600 kton/year in Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi, Ningxia and other regions, for coal mines using non-mechanized mining methods and production capacity of less than 300 kton/year in Hebei, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Gansu, Qinghai and other regions, and for coal mines using non-mechanized mining methods and production capacity of less than 90 kton/y in other areas。 |
——Coal-fired power。Optimize the timing of planning and construction, accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity, and promote the development of clean and efficient coal-fired power generation。Establish an early warning mechanism for risks in coal-fired power planning and construction, strengthen the monitoring and assessment of hours of utilization of coal-fired power generation capacity, and coupled with the scale of new projects, reasonably adjust the pace of construction。Temporarily halt approval for new coal-fired power generation projects in provinces with a surplus of power generation, for the first two years of the "13th FYP" period, with the exception of CHP projects for residential heat supply and poverty alleviation projects, and take effective measures to increase the utilization hours for the existing stock of power generation units, so that the national average utilization hours of coal-fired power generation units reach a reasonable level；In the latter three years, on the basis of the supply and demand situation, and in accordance with the limits on total amounts as required by the national government, determine a reasonable scale of new coal-fired power generation capacity, and orderly arrange the timing of project construction operational start。Projects with cogeneration of heat and power for residential use shall primarily utilize back pressure type units。Improve the energy consumption, environmental and other standards for coal-fired power generation. Accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity, striving to shut down 20 GW。
By 2020, control the installed capacity of coal-fired power generation to 1,100 GW or less。
Comprehensively implement ultra low-emission and energy-conservation retrofitting of coal-fired power generation units, promote the use of clean and efficient coal-fired power generation technologies, strictly implement energy efficiency and environmental standards, and strengthen the monitoring of pollutant emissions in power plants。By 2020, control the coal consumption of coal-fired power plants to an average of 310 grams per kWh of electricity or below, with new power generation units limited to 300 grams or below, and emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and soot no higher than 35 mg per cubic meter, 50 mg, and 10 mg, respectively。
Box 6. Coal-fired power generation development priorities |
| Optimize timing of construction：Cancel a batch, postpone approval for a batch, postpone construction of a batch, and stop construction on a batch of coal-fired power projects. Control the scale of capacity coming into operation at 200 GW or less。
Eliminate backward production capacity：Phase out generation units that do not comply with environmental standards, energy efficiency and other requirements, do not carry out retrofitting and are 300 MW or smaller, pure condensing units that have been in operation for more than 20 years, extraction condensing CHP units that have been in operation for more than 25 years, and strive to eliminate 20 GW of backward production capacity。 Retrofitting for energy-savings and emission reductions：Over the "13th FYP" period, complete the ultra-low emission retrofitting of 420 GW of coal-fired power generation units, and energy-conservation retrofitting of 340 GW。Of which：before 2017, complete ultra-low emissions retrofitting of all currently operating coal-fired power units for public power supply of capacity of 300 MW and above, and industrial power plants of capacity of 100 MW and above in the 11 provinces and municipalities in Eastern China；before 2018, basically complete ultra-low emissions retrofitting of all currently operating coal-fired power units of capacity of 300 MW and above in the 8 provinces in Central China, and before 2020 complete ultra-low emissions retrofitting of all currently operating coal-fired power units of capacity of 300 MW and above in the 12 provinces and regions as well as in the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in Eastern China。Units that do not have the conditions for retrofitting shall be held to meet emission standards; those units that still do not meet the requirements after retrofitting, shall be phased out and closed on orders of the local government。Strive to have all active coal-fired power units meet the coal consumption standards in 2017 in Eastern China, 2018 in Central China, and by 2020 in Western China。 |
——Deep processing of coal。In accordance with the registry of national strategic energy technology repository and energy production reserves demonstration projects, reasonably control the pace of development, strengthen technological innovation and market risk assessment, strictly implement environmental access conditions, orderly develop deep coal processing, steadily promote coal to fuel, coal based olefins and other upgrading demonstration projects, and enhance the competitiveness and risk-prevention capacity of these projects。Strictly implement energy efficiency, environmental protection, water conservation and equipment automation and other standards, actively explore innovative development models that organically integrate deep processing of coal and oil refining, petrochemical, power and other industries, and strive to achieve a high level of long-term stable operation。During the "13th FYP" period, the coal-to-oil production capacity will reach 13 million ton, and the coal-to-natural gas production capacity will reach about 17 billion cubic meter。
Encourage the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue, mining water, coal mine gas and coal resources, and enhance the added value and comprehensive utilization efficiency of coal resources。Utilize advanced chemical processing of coal technologies, promote the construction of medium and low-temperature pyrolysis of low-value coal, aluminum oxide extraction from high alumina fly ash, and other coal grading and cascaded use demonstration projects。Actively promote the use of clean coal technology, vigorously develop coal sorting and washing processing, and have 75% or more of all raw coal undergo sorting by 2020。
Box 7. Key construction projects for deep processing of coal |
| Coal to liquids projects：Ningxia Shenhua Ningxia coal stage two, Inner Mongolia Shenhua Erdos line two and three, Shaanxi Yankuang Yulin stage two,
Xinjiang Ganquanpu, Xinjiang Yili, Inner Mongolia Yitai, Guizhou Bijie, Inner Mongolia East。
Coal to natural gas projects：Xinjiang Zhundong, Xinjiang Yili, Inner Mongolia Ordos, Shanxi Datong, Inner Mongolia Xing'an League。 Cascaded use of coal demonstration projects：Shaanxi Yanchang Yushen coal-to-oil and electricity polygeneration, Shaanxi coal Yulin coal-to-oil gasification polygeneration, Longcheng Yulin coal-to-oil and gas polygeneration, Jiangxi Jiangneng Shenwu Pingxiang coal-to-oil and electricity polygeneration etc。 |
——Refining。Strengthen the control on total oil refining capacity, eliminate backward production capacity that is highly energy consuming or heavily polluting, and promote, to a moderate degree, the construction of advanced production capacity。Strict project admission standards, to prevent deep processing of heavy oil and other process names to disguise increases in refining capacity。Actively carry out pilot demonstration, promote the comprehensive management of refineries within city limits, accelerate industrial upgrading and retrofitting, extend the refining industry chain, increase the supply of marketable, high value-added downstream products, and increase intelligent manufacturing and the level of cleanliness and efficiency in the industry。
Promote the sustainable development of non-fossil energy。Co-ordinate resources, environmental and market conditions, plan ahead with the layout, and actively and steadily promote the construction of hydropower and nuclear power projects, which have long construction periods and high supporting requirements, to achieve continuous rolling development。Adhere to the simultaneous development of centralized development and distributed utilization, and adjust and optimize the development layout. Comprehensively coordinate and promote wind power development, and promote the diversified utilization of solar energy. In accordance with local conditions, develop biomass, geothermal energy, marine energy and other types of new energy. Improve the quality of the development of renewable energy and increase its share in total electricity consumption。
——Conventional hydropower。Adhere to ecological priorities, comprehensive planning, and cascaded development. Orderly promote the construction of large hydropower bases in river basins, accelerate the construction of storage type hydropower stations, and control the development of medium and small scale hydropower。Under the premise of in-depth environmental impact assessment and ensuring the environmental feasibility, scientifically arrange the timing of construction of the Jinsha River, Yalong River, Dadu River and other large hydropower bases, rationally develop hydropower bases in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and elsewhere, and thoroughly demonstrate the continued construction of power stations in the hydropower bases in the Southwest。Innovate hydropower development and operating models, explore the establishment of long-term revenue sharing mechanisms from hydropower development, and protect the legitimate rights and interests of migrants from the reservoir area。By 2020, the scale of conventional hydropower will reach 340 GW, with more than 60 GW of newly started construction during the "13th FYP" period。
Fully utilize the regulation capacity of existing hydropower station, inter-provincial hydropower transmission lines, and the transmission potential of surrounding power grids, optimize scheduling, and promote the rational consumption of seasonal hydropower。Strengthen the construction of transmission lines for inter-provincial export in Sichuan, Yunnan and other areas that have experienced hydropower curtailment problems, and expand the scope hydropower consumption。
——Nuclear power。Safely and efficiently develop nuclear power. Under the premise of using Chinese and the latest international nuclear safety standards to ensure perfect safety, start construction on a number of nuclear power projects with advanced third generation pressurized water reactors in the coastal areas。Accelerate the pace of integration of the reactor type, safely solving the problem of having many and different types of reactors, and gradually work towards mainly utilizing concentrated self-developed third generation reactors。
Actively carry out inland nuclear power project pre-demonstration work, and strengthen site protection。Deeply implement special key nuclear power science and technology projects, start construction on CAP1400 demonstration projects, and build high temperature gas-cooled reactor demonstration projects。Accelerate the demonstration and promote the construction of large commercial spent fuel reprocessing plants。Timely start intelligent small reactor, commercial fast reactor, 600 MW level high temperature gas-cooled reactors and other indigenously developed innovation demonstration projects, and promote the comprehensive utilization of nuclear energy。Implement programs for building a nuclear power professionals pool, strengthen personnel training in nuclear safety supervision, nuclear power operators and design, construction, project management and other key positions, improve the building of a professional talent echelon, and establish a diversified talent training channel。By 2020, operational installed capacity of nuclear power will reach 58 GW, and capacity under construction will exceed 30 GW。
——Wind power。Adhere to comprehensive planning, both centralized and distributed, on land and on sea, and effective utilization。Adjust and optimize the layout of wind power development, gradually moving from the "Three Norths" to mainly in the central and eastern regions, vigorously develop distributed wind power, steadily construct wind power bases, and actively develop offshore wind power。Increase the resource exploration and development in central, eastern and southern areas, give priority to the development of distributed wind power, and achieve connection with the local low-voltage grid and local consumption。Steadily promote construction of the "Three Norths" region wind power bases, co-ordinate the consumption in local markets and the inter-regional transmission capacity, control the pace of development, and control wind power curtailment at a reasonable level。Accelerate and improve the wind power industry service system, and effectively increase the quality of industrial development and market competitiveness。By 2020, the total installed capacity of wind power will be 210 GW or more, and electricity prices from wind and coal-fired power generation are basically the same。
——Solar power。Adhere to technological progress, cost reduction, market expansion, improved systems。Optimize the layout of solar energy development, give priority to the development of distributed PV power generation, expand the "PV+" diversified utilization, and promote the development of large-scale PV。Steadily promote the construction of PV power stations in the "Three Norths" area, and actively promote the development of the solar thermal power industry。Establish an assessment and early warning mechanism for PV curtailment, and effectively reduce the PV power plant curtailment。
By 2020, the installed capacity of solar power generation reaches 110 GW, of which 60 GW of distributed PV, 45 GW of PV power plants, and 5 GW of solar thermal power plants. Strive to achieve socket price parity for PV power generation。
Box 8. Development focus of wind and solar energy resources |
| Steadily progress the construction of wind power bases in Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Gansu, Hebei and other areas。In Qinghai, Xinjiang, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Shaanxi and other areas rich in solar energy and land resources, scientificcally plan, rationally lay-out, and orderly advance construction of PV power plants。In Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou and other areas rich in hydropower resources in the southwest region, utilizing the hydropower station inter-provincial transmission lines and capacity for flexible output, promote the development of large-scale complementary diversified new energy bases. Give full play to the complementary benefits of wind power, PV power generation, and hydropower, and focus on promoting the planning and construction of bases such as the Liangshan County wind and hydropower complementary power generation base, the Yalong wind, PV, and hydropower complementary power generation base, and the Jinsha river wind, PV, and hydropower complementary power generation base in Sichuan, and the Wujiang and Beipanjiang "two rivers" co-operating wind and hydropower base in Guizhou Province。
Encourage participation in electricity market transactions and direct supply to large users by wind power and PV power generation projects in the "Three Norths", and support the use of their electricity for heating, hydrogen production, energy storage and other means, in order to expand the local consumption capacity。Vigorously promote the development of distributed wind energy resources in the central and southern regions, and promote technological progress of low wind speed wind turbines and offshore wind power。 Promote new models for the organic combination of PV power generation and rooftops, beaches, lakes, fish ponds, and agricultural greenhouses and related industries, encourage the construction of PV power generation projects in mined-out coal mining areas, and expand the scale of the distributed use in the eastern, central and southern regions。 |
——Biomass energy and others。Actively develop liquid biomass fuels, gaseous fuel, compacted solid fuels。Promote biogas-fired power generation, gasified biomass power generation, rationally lay-out waste-to-energy power generation。Orderly develop direct-fired biomass power generation, power generation with co-firing of biomass, and in accordance with local conditions, develop biomass cogeneration of heat and power。Accelerate the comprehensive development and utilization of geothermal and marine energy。By 2020, the installed capacity of biomass power generation will be about 15 GW, and geothermal energy utilization will reach an equivalent of 70 million tons of standard coal or above。
Consolidate the supply base of oil and gas resources。Continue to strengthen the exploration and development of domestic conventional oil and gas, increase the resource surveying and assessment of shale gas, shale oil, coal bed methane and other unconventional oil and gas, actively expand the scale of development and utilization, and create supply security based on domestic protection of strategic oil and gas resources 。
——Oil。Strengthen domestic exploration and development, and promote larger reserves and stable production of oil。Deepen the fine exploration and development, delay the decay of production in the eastern oil base, and achieve larger reserves and stable production of oil in the three large oil bases of Ordos, Tarim, and Junggar in the Western region。Strengthen the development of offshore oil bases, actively and steadily promote deepwater oil exploration and development。Support the exploration and development and comprehensive utilization of ultra-low permeability oil reservoirs, heavy oil, dense oil and other low-grade resources and shale oil, oil sands and other unconventional resources in Ordos, Songliao, Bohai Bay and other areas。During the "13th FYP" period, newly discovered oil reserves will be about 5 billion tons, with annual output of about 200 million tons。
——Natural gas。Adhere to progress on land and at sea, and simultaneous development of conventional and unconventional。Promote continuously increased production of Erdos, Sichuan and Tarim gas areas, and increase the exploration and development of offshore gas areas。Focusing on the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas, strengthen the exploration and development of shale gas in marine strata in south China, actively promote the construction of national shale gas demonstration area in Chongqing Fuling, Sichuan Changning - Weiyuan, Yunnan Zhaotong, Shaanxi Yan'an and elsewhere, and promote the exploration and development of other potential areas。Construct coalbed methane industrial bases in the Qinshui Basin, on the eastern edge of the Ordos Basin and Guizhou Bishuixing, accelerate the exploration of coalbed methane resources in the northwest, and promote large-scale gas extraction and utilization in coal mining areas。Actively carry out exploration of natural gas hydrate, prioritizing a number of prospective exploration target areas。By 2020, conventional natural gas production will reach 170 billion cubic meters, shale gas production will reach 30 billion cubic meters, coalbed methane (coal mine gas) utilization will reach 16 billion cubic meters。
Make up for the energy infrastructure shortcomings。In accordance with the principles of system security, reasonable flow, optimizing the existing stock, and making up for the shortcomings, steadily and orderly promote the construction of inter-provincial power transmission lines, improve the regional and provincial backbone power grid, strengthen the construction and retrofitting of the electricity distribution network, and strive to improve the utilization efficiency of the power grid。Scientifically plan and comprehensively lay-out, promote the construction of oil and gas pipeline networks, and enhance inter-regional coordination of mutually beneficial supply capacity and end-user coverage。Strengthen the construction of emergency energy reserves systems。
——Power grid。Adhere to the principles of separate layers and separate districts, clear structure, safe and controllable, and cost-effective development, fully demonstrate the structure of a national synchronous power grid, and further adjust and improve the main structure of the power grid。On the basis of the situation in the target market, steadily progress the construction of inter-provincial power transmission lines, and reasonably determine the scale of the inter-provincial electricity export transmission lines。Orderly construct key air pollution control electricity transmission lines, actively promote the construction of inter-provincial electricity export transmission lines for large-scale hydropower bases, prioritizing solving the problem of hydropower curtailment in Yunnan and Sichuan, and surplus electricity generation in the northeastern region 。Explore the establishment of flexible and adjustable inter-regional electricity transmission price formation mechanisms, to optimize the allocation of power generation resources。Further optimize and improve the main structure of regional and provincial power grids, fully utilize the existing power transmission and export potential, demonstrate flexible DC transmission, accelerate breakthroughs in balancing and self adaptive power grids, and other operational control technologies, and strive to improve the utilization efficiency of the power grid。Increase investment, fully implementation programs for the construction and retrofitting of urban and rural distribution networks, build modern distribution networks, and encourage areas with the right conditions to carry out multi-functional, complementary, integrated and optimized micro-grid demonstration applications。During the "13th FYP" period, newly added inter-provincial or inter-regional transmission capacity will be about 130 GW。
——Oil and gas pipeline networks。Co-ordinate the development of oil fields, crude oil imports and the construction lay-out of refineries. Focusing on the Yangtze River Economic Zone and the coastal areas, strengthen regional pipeline interconnections, improve large coastal oil unloading ports and land-based terminals, accelerate the improvement of land-based import pipelines in the northeast, northwest, and southwest, and improve the supply capacity of crude oil pipelines。In accordance with the principles of "Oil from the North to the South, oil from the West to the East, local supply, and regional interconnection", optimize the pipeline flow of refined oil products, and by encouraging enterprises to exchange oil resources and other ways, improve the efficiency of pipeline transport。In accordance with the principles of "Gas from the West to the East, gas from the North to the South, offshore gas to the mainland, and local supply", comprehensively plan the natural gas pipeline network, accelerate the construction of the trunk pipe network, optimize the construction of regional branch pipe networks, realize the "last mile" in natural gas utilization, and achieve interconnection of the national trunk pipe network and regional networks。Optimize the layout of coastal liquefied natural gas (LNG) receiving terminals. In the Bohai Sea, the Yangtze River Delta, and southeast coastal areas, prioritize expanding the capacity of existing LNG receiving terminals, and appropriately construct new LNG receiving terminals。Strengthen the operation and maintenance of oil and gas pipeline networks, and improve the safety and environmental protection。By 2020, the total length of crude oil and refined oil pipelines will reach 32,000 and 33,000 km, respectively, with annual oil transport capacity reaching 650 million and 300 million tons；the total natural gas pipeline length will reach 100,000 km, with annual gas transport capacity of the trunk pipelines exceeding 400 billion cubic meters。
——Emergency reserve facilities。Accelerate the construction of the oil reserve system, fully complete construction of the second phase of the national oil reserve project, start preparation on follow-up projects, encourage commercial reserves, and reasonably increase the scale of oil reserves。Increase the construction of gas storage, and accelerate the construction of coastal LNG and urban gas storage and peak regulation facilities。Promote construction of large-scale coal storage and distribution bases and coal logistics parks, and improve the coal emergency reserve system。
Box 9. Key energy infrastructure construction projects |
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| Electric power | Inter-provincial and inter-regional electricity export transmission lines：Complete construction on key air pollution control transmission lines including the Inner Mongolia Ximeng via Beijing, Tianjin to Shandong, Inner Mongolia West to Tianjin South, expansion of the North Shaanxi Shenmu to Hebei South grid, Shanxi Yuxian to Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Shanghaimiao to Shandong, Shaanxi Yuheng to Shandong, Anhui Huainan via Jiangsu to Shanghai, Ningxia Ningdong to Zhejiang, Inner Mongolia Ximeng to Jiangsu Taizhou, Shanxi Jinbei to Jiangsu, and Northwest Yunnan to Guangdong. Complete construction on transmission line projects from the middle reaches of the Jinsha River to Guangxi, the Guanyinyan hydropower export transmission line, Yunnan to Shandong West back to back, Gansu Jiuquan to Hunan, Xinjiang Zhundong to East China Wannan, Zarut to Shandong Qingzhou, Sichuan hydropower export transmission line, Wudongde to Guangdong, the Sichuan and Chongqing third transmission line, Chongqing and Hubei back to back, and Guizhou Bijie to Chongqing。
Construct the transmission line projects of Chifeng (including Yuanbaoshan) to North China, Baihetan to Huazhong in East China, Zhangbei to Beijing, northern Shaanxi (Shenfu, Yan'an) to Hubei, and the Fujian and Guangdong interconnection project。Following electric power market demand, carry out in-depth pre-studies of inter-provincial transmission lines from Xinjiang, the Northeast (Hohao), Inner Mongolia West (Baotou, Alashan, Wulanchabu), Longbin (Longdong and Binzhang), Qinghai, the upper reaches of the Jinsha River, etc。 Regional power grids：Relying on inter-provincial transmission lines, optimize the 500 kV backbone grid of Northeast China；Perfect the main grid of the North China power grid, timely advance asynchronous interconnections between main networks of Inner Mongolia West and North China；Improve the 750 kV main grid of the Northwest grid, extending to southern Xinjiang and other regions；Optimize the 500 kV main grid in East China；Accelerate the implementation of asynchronous interconnection between the Sichuan-Chongqing-Tibet power grid and the power grids of the four provinces of central China, and promote the implementation of the Tibet interconnection project；Promote the asynchronous interconnection of the Yunnan power grid with the main network of South China, and timely develop asynchronous interconnection of the Guangdong power grid。 |
| Oil | International and inter-regional crude oil transport and distribution pipelines：Improve China-Kazakhstan and China-Myanmar crude oil pipelines. Construct the second China-Russia pipeline, the Yizheng to Jiujiang section of the Yizhangfu pipeline, the capacity expansion of the Rizhao to Yizheng pipeline, the Rizhao - Puyang - Luoyang, and other crude oil pipelines. Improve the layout of the oil pipeline network in the Yangtze River economic belt, and implement renovation and retrofitting of old pipelines。Demonstrate the Golmud extension project of the China-Kazakhstan crude oil pipeline。
Inter-regional refined oil products transport and distribution pipelines：Construct the pipelines from Jinzhou to Zhengzhou, Zhangshu to Zhuzhou, Luoyang to Sanmenxia to Yuncheng to Linfen, and Sanmenxia to Xi'an, and renovate and expand the Golmud to Lhasa and other pipelines。 |
| Natural gas | International and inter-regional trunk pipelines：Construct the D line of the Central Asia-China gas pipeline, the third line (middle section), fourth line and fifth line of the West-to-East gas transmission pipeline, the fourth Shaanxi-Beijing line, the east China-Russia line, the west China-Russia line, the second line of the Sichuan-to-East gas transfer project, the Xinjiang coal-to-gas inter-provincial export line, the Xinjiang coal-to-gas inter-provincial export line,
the E'ancang coal-to-gas inter-provincial export line, The West Inner Mongolia coal-to-gas inter-provincial export line, the Qingdao to Nanjing, and the Qinghai to Tibet gas pipelines。
Regional interconnection pipelines：Complete construction of the inter-provincial pipeline from Zhongwei to Jingbian, Puyang to Baoding, Dongxianpo to Yanshan, Wuqing to Tongzhou, Jianping to Chifeng, Haikou to Xuwen, etc., and construct the gas supply branches for the group of cities along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River。 |
| Gas storage | Capacity expansion for existing projects：Dagang reservoir group, North China reservoir, Jintan yanxue, Zhongyuanwen 96, Xiangguo Temple, etc.。
Newly built projects：North China 9, North China 23, Zhongyuanwen 23, Jianghan Huangchang, Henan Pingdingshan, Jiangsu Jintan, Jiangsu Huai'an, etc.。 |
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4. Innovation-driven; promote an energy technology revolution
Deeply implement the innovation-driven development strategy, promote "firm creation by many, innovation by everyone", and accelerate the promotion of key energy technology research and development, key equipment manufacturing and key demonstration project construction. Bring forward in planning the deployment of concentrated research in key areas of core technologies, accelerate the energy technology revolution, and achieve a transition of China as a large energy producing and consuming country to a leading country in energy technology and equipment。
Strengthen the capacity for scientific and technological innovation。Strengthen the top-down design of the energy technology innovation system, improve the incentive mechanisms for scientific and technological innovation, co-ordinate the promotion of basic, comprehensive, and strategic energy technology research and development, enhance the overall competitiveness of energy technology, and cultivate more energy technology excellence and accelerate its translation into economic advantages。Deepen promotion of key national special projects in the field of energy。Integrate existing scientific research strengths, and construct a number of energy innovation centers and laboratories。Further stimulate the innovation potential of energy companies, universities and research institutions. Promote "firm creation by many, innovation by everyone", encourage and enhance cooperation, establish a number of technological innovation alliances, and promote integrated technology innovation。Strengthen the main position of innovation by firms, improve the market-oriented mechanisms, accelerate the industrialized application of technologies, and create a number of internationally competitive new types of energy science and technology enterprises。Relying on existing talent planning, strengthen the construction of a talent echelon, and cultivate a group of talents and teams that are leaders in energy technology。
Promote research and development for key technology and equipment。Adhering to strategic guidance, focusing on enhance the capacity for indigenous innovation, in the fields of oil and gas resources exploration and development, the transition to clean and efficient fossil energy, the efficient development and utilization of renewable energy, safe use of nuclear energy, intelligent energy, and the advanced and efficient conservation of energy, apply and promote a number of technologies that are mature, have market demand, and have reasonable economic performance, demonstrate and test a number of technologies for which certain experience has been accumulated but for which production processes and markets are yet to be verified, and concentrate and research on a number of promising prospective technologies, accelerate the translation of scientific and technological achievements into practical applications。Strengthen the indigenous innovation in key areas of energy equipment, focusing on breakthroughs in key technologies, materials, components and other bottlenecks in energy equipment manufacturing. Accelerate the formation of complete set of indigenous innovation capacities for key equipment, promote the acceleration of upgrading of intelligent manufacturing in upstream manufacturing industries, and enhance the quality and efficiency of development of the whole industry chain。
Implement scientific and technological innovation demonstration projects。Fully utilize our country's benefits of having a lot of room on the energy market and many engineering practice opportunities, increase funding and policy support efforts, and focusing on oil and gas exploration and development, coal processing and conversion, efficient clean power generation, new energy development and utilization, smart grids, advanced nuclear power, large-scale energy storage, flexible DC transmission, hydrogen production and other fields, construct a number of innovation demonstration projects, promote building advanced production capacity, and improve the level of indigenous innovation capabilities and the localization of equipment manufacturing of energy technologies。
Box 10. Key tasks for innovation in energy science and technology |
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| Key technologies | Promote and apply：horizontal well fracturing for shale gas, steam-assisted gravity drainage, high efficiency de-watering and pressure reduction of coalbed methane wells, megaton-scale indirect liquefaction of coal, biodiesel, high efficiency and low cost crystalline silicon cells, high capacity UHV-DC power transmission, smart grids, third generation nuclear power technology, heat and corrosion-resistant materials for energy equipment, and new and efficient energy storage materials。
Demonstrate and test：assessment of non-conventional oil and gas, resource exploration, development and utilization of hot dry rock resources, next generation coal gasification, large-scale use of coal quality grading, non-grain fuel ethanol, concentrated and efficient biomass-based cogeneration, flexible DC power transmission, development and production of high temperature metal materials and component manufacturing for advanced ultra-supercritical thermal power generation units, manufacture and application of high power electronic devices, fine ceramics, graphene energy storage devices, and photovoltaic cell materials。 Concentrate on and research：green labor-less coal mining, deep well disaster prevention and control, precision exploration and efficient development of unconventional oil and gas, development of conventional oil and gas in deepwater and deep layers, new methods for low-grade coal pyrolysis separation and conversion, green coal-fired power, bio-aviation fuel, spent nuclear fuel processing, new and efficient low-cost PV power generation, solar thermal power generation, superconducting DC power transmission, cloud-based power grid scheduling and control systems, grid connection technology for renewable energies, microgrid technology, new and efficient battery energy storage, hydrogen and fuel cells。 |
| Key equipment | Coal：Thin coal seam mechanized mining equipment, major accident emergency rescue technology and equipment, large-scale air separation systems, super-large coal gasification equipment, large-scale coal liquefaction equipment, large-scale synthesis gas methanation equipment。
Oil and gas：Rotary steerable drilling systems, domestically produced underwater production systems, 10 kt-class semi-submersible pipe-laying ships, large floating production and storage systems for oil, technical equipment for the exploration and development of unconventional oil and gas, technical equipment for handling large marine oil spill emergencies。 Electric power：Energy-saving / ultra-low-emission supercritical circulating fluidized bed boiler, gas turbines, GW-class hydropower generator units, main pumps, blasting valves and other key nuclear power equipment, low speed 7-10 MW wind turbines, core equipment for solar thermal power generation, efficient boilers, efficient motors, ultra-large-scale renewable energy integration equipment, large-scale energy storage batteries。 |
| Key demonstration projects | Coal：smart mines, coal-to-aromatics, coal-based poly-generation, megaton-scale kerosene refining, comprehensive utilization of coal, oil and gas resources, integration of coal, power generation and aluminum production, clean coal fuels。
Oil and gas：development of unconventional oil and gas, development of deep heavy oil, development of deepsea (1500 m and below) oil and gas。 Electric power：Clean and efficient coal-fired power generation, indigenously developed heavy-duty F-class gas turbine power generation with domestic intellectual property rights, Hualong 1, CAP1400, 600 MW high temperature gas-cooled reactor, CFR600 fast reactor, modular small reactors, smart grids, large-scale advanced energy storage。 New energy：large and very large offshore wind power, large-scale solar thermal power generation, complementary diversified distributed power generation, cascade energy use and polygeneration wit biomass, island microgrids, deep high-temperature hot dry rock power generation, marine tidal power generation, natural gas hydrate exploration。 |
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5. Fair and efficient; promote an energy system revolution
Adhere to market reform guidance, straighten out the pricing system, restore the commodity attributes of energy, give full play to the decisive role of the market and a better role of the government in the allocation of resources, deeply promote reform of energy focus areas and key sectors, strive to remove institutional barriers, build an energy market system with fair competition, in order to create a favorable institutional environment for improving energy efficiency, and promoting healthy and sustainable energy development。
Improve and modernize the energy market。Accelerate the formation of a unified, open, competitive and orderly modern energy market system。Liberalize competitive fields and sectors, implement a unified market entry system, promote diversification of energy investment, and actively support private finance entering the energy sector。Improve market withdrawal mechanisms。Accelerate construction of the electricity market, cultivate markets for auxiliary services for electric power, and establish renewable energy quota systems and green power certificate trading systems。Promote the construction of natural gas trading centers。Cultivate energy futures markets。Carry out pilots for trade in energy use rights, and promote the construction of a unified national carbon emissions trading market。Improve regulatory mechanisms for the energy market, strengthen supervision of natural monopolies, and standardize the market order in competitive businesses 。
Promote energy price reforms。In accordance with the overall idea "control the middle, open up both ends", promote energy price reform, establish an energy price mechanism that reasonably reflects the scarcity of energy resources, market supply and demand, environmental value and inter-generational compensation costs, properly handle and gradually reduce cross-subsidies, and give full play to the role of price leverage adjustment。Open up power, oil and gas and other areas to competitive pricing, strictly supervise and regulate government pricing for electricity, oil and gas transmission and distribution sectors. Study the establishment of transmission and distribution price mechanisms that effectively control investment and cost of power grid and oil and gas pipeline network enterprises. Implement peak and valley price differentation, seasonal pricing, interruptible load pricing, two-part pricing and other scientific pricing systems, improve pricing systems for peak load, frequency control, standby generation and other ancillary services, and promote the implementation of gas and electricity price linkage mechanisms。Study the establishment of financial subsidies and pricing mechanisms that incentivize cost reductions, and gradually realize market-based electricity pricing for wind and PV power generation。
Deepen the power system reform。In accordance with the principle of "allowable cost plus reasonable profit", strictly supervise costs, and reasonably determine transmission and distribution prices。Accelerate the establishment of relatively independent, standardized operating electric power trading institutions, and reform operation models of power grid enterprises。Orderly open up power production and consumption planning and additional distribution services outside of power generation for public welfare and frequency control.Encourage the development of power distribution businesses with mixed ownership models. Strictly regulate and cultivate in various ways the main market actors in electricity sales。Completely liberalize user side distributed power markets, achieve fair access to the grid, improve the mechanisms and policies to encourage the development of distributed energy, smart grids and microgrids, and promote the development of distributed energy。Actively guide and regulate the development of the electric power market, and effectively prevent interference with competition in the electricity market, arbitrary lowering of prices and other non-compliant behavior。
Promote oil and gas system reform。Introduce an oil and gas system reform program, and gradually expand the scope of reform pilots。Promote system reform of oil and gas exploration and development, and orderly open up oil and gas exploration and development, import and export and competitive markets in downstream sectors, and research and promote the separation of pipeline transport。Achieve fair and open access to pipeline networks, receiving terminals and other infrastructure。
Strengthen energy management capacities。Further transform governmental functions, deeply promote reforms with decentralization, reorganization, and optimization of services, strengthen the guidance of policy planning, and improve the industry supervision system。Adapt to the new requirements of decentralized authority for project approval, innovative administrative project management mechanisms, promote government-led and unified implementation of pre-project work for energy projects, incorporate project construction into energy planning after feasibility studies have been completed, and select investors through tendering and other market mechanisms。Deepen the separation of government and enterprises, and gradually remove the authority of energy companies in pipeline network planning, system access, operation and scheduling, standard development and other public management functions, and place such responsibility with government departments or commissioned third parties。Strengthen strategic energy planning research, organize and carry out research on key strategic issues in energy development, and enhance the national governments' strategic decision-making capacity in energy matters。
Improve energy standards, statistics and measurement systems, revise and improve the energy industry standards, and construct a national energy big data research platform. With integrated use of the internet, big data, cloud computing and other advanced means, strengthen energy economic situation assessment and early warning forecasts, and significantly improve statistical analysis of energy data and corresponding policy decision making support capabilities。
6. Mutual benefits and win-win; strengthen international energy cooperation
Comprehensively co-ordinate the domestic and international situation, fully utilizing the markets and resources in both, fully implement an opening up and cooperation strategy in the field of energy, seize major opportunities from the "One Belt One Road" initiative, promote inter-connectivity of energy infrastructures, increase international cooperation in production capacity, and actively participate in global energy governance。
Promote energy infrastructure interconnectivity。Accelerate the construction of energy cooperation projects, and promote inter-connectivity between national and regional energy infrastructure along the "One Belt One Road"。Research and promote construction of international transmission lines, and actively carry out cooperation in upgrading and renovating of power grids。
Increase international cooperation in technical equipment and production capacity。Strengthen international cooperation in energy technology, equipment and engineering services. Deepen the level of cooperation, and promote introduction, absorption and secondary innovation of key technologies。Encourage a variety of ways of participation in major foreign electric power projects. In accordance with local conditions, participate in new and renewable energy project investment and construction, and orderly develop foreign power grid project investment, construction and operation。
Actively participate in global energy governance。Pragmatically participate in the G20, APEC, International Energy Agency, International Renewable Energy Agency, the Energy Charter and other international platforms and institutions for major energy affairs and regulations。Strengthen cooperation with regional institutions such as the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the League of Arab States and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and jointly guarantee regional energy security through infrastructure inter-connectivity, market integration and measures that facilitate trade。Explore the construction of global interconnected energy networks。
7. For the benefit of the people; achieve inclusive energy development
Comprehensively promote the construction of energy projects for public benefit, focus on improving energy use infrastructure, accurately implement energy poverty alleviation projects, effectively improve the level of universal energy services, and achieve universal energy access。
Improve residential energy consumption infrastructure。Promote a new round of rural power grid renovation and upgrading projects, implement an urban power distribution network construction and retrofitting program, strengthen unified planning, improve technical standards, construct moderately ahead of demand, and promote the coordinated development of urban and rural networks。Comprehensively plan power grid upgrading and renovation with electrification replacing other energy sources, to meet demands for electrification in the field of residential heating。Actively promote the construction of cogeneration units in the transformation of shantytowns。Accelerate the construction of natural gas branch pipeline networks, and expand the scope of pipeline network coverage。Promote the direct supply of liquefied natural gas, compressed natural gas, and liquefied petroleum gas in areas not covered by the natural gas pipeline network, guaranteeing access to gas for residential consumption。Promote smart upgrading and retrofitting of water, electricity, gas and heating meters, to strengthen the detailed management of energy resources。Actively promote the construction of comprehensive urban underground utility corridors, encourage the unified planning, design and construction of energy networks and communications, water supply and other networks, and promote the intensified use of urban space。
Accurately implement energy poverty alleviation projects。In the old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, and concentrated contiguous impoverished areas, strengthen the energy planning and lay-out, and accelerate the construction of energy poverty alleviation projects。Revise and improve the income distribution mechanism from energy developments, enhancing the capacity for retaining the benefits of development in poor areas。Continue to strengthen poverty alleviation in designated locations, increase support efforts from government and businesses, focusing on the implementation poverty alleviation projects with development and utilization of PV, hydropower, and natural gas。
Improve the level of general energy services。Improve energy facilities maintenance and technical service stations, and cultivate specialized energy services enterprises. Improve mechanisms for the fair allocation of energy resources and for emergency response. Guarantee basic livelihood energy use needs of urban and rural residents, and reduce the cost of residential energy use. Promote the deep integration of military and civilian energy development, and enhance universal services capacities。Increase the penetration rate of natural gas supply, and fully allow natural gas demand for residential use to develop. By 2020, urban gasification rates will reach 57%, with a population using gas reaching 470 million。Support residents' participation in clean energy production with roof-top PV power generation and other forms of energy production, increase the income of residents, and share benefits from energy developments。
Vigorously develop rural clean energy。Take effective measures to promote the development and utilization of solar energy, wind energy, small hydropower, agricultural and forestry residues, manure, geothermal energy and other renewable energy in rural areas, promote rural clean energy, and accelerate the promotion of electrification of rural heating supply。Encourage the combined development of distributed PV power generation and protected agriculture, vigorously promote the use of solar hot water heaters, small wind power and other small-scale energy facilities, achieve a diversified rural energy supply, and promote construction of green energy villages。
Box 11. Key "people's livelihood" projects |
| Power distribution network：complete construction on high reliability electric power supply demonstration areas in core areas of 20 central cities (districts), and 60 newly urbanized distribution network demonstration areas。Basically complete construction on a new type of distribution network that has a reasonable structure, uses advanced technology, is flexible and reliable, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. Electricity consumers in central cities (districts) do not experience a blackout of more than 1 hour per year on average；the average blackout time for urban electricity users is no more than 10 hours per year。Electricity users in rural areas experience an average blackout time of no more than 24 hours per year, the comprehensive voltage pass rate reaches 97%, with three-phase electricity basically reaching full coverage。
Rural power grids：Carry out rural power grid construction and fortification in Tibet, Xinjiang and Tibetan areas in the four provinces of Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Qinghai. Strengthen the renovation and upgrading of rural power grids in Western China and in poverty-stricken areas, and promote processes for urban and rural convenient access to power supply services in Eastern and Central China。By the end of 2017, complete power grid upgrading and renovation in central villages, achieve full coverage of electric well pumps in the plains areas, and have access to three-phase electricity in all impoverished villages。By 2020, basically achieve full coverage with stable and reliable power supply services in rural areas, with significantly improved power supply capacity and service levels, rural power supply reliability reaching 99.8%, the comprehensive voltage pass rate reaching 97.9%, and an average distribution transformer capacity of no less than 2 kVA per household。 Poverty alleviation with PV：Completed construction of PV poverty alleviation projects for 2 million households in the “poverty-household registry”。 Off-grid & micro-grid projects：Construct a number of micro-grid projects on islands, at border checkpoints and other areas not covered by power grids。 |
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Chapter IV Safeguard Measures
1. Improve the energy laws and regulations system
Establish a sound and complete system of supporting energy laws and regulations, promote the adoption and revision of relevant laws, improve the system of supporting laws and regulations, fully utilize the guiding and binding role of laws, regulations, and rules on the development and reform of the energy industry, and achieve energy development that follows laws and regulations。
2. Improve the energy fiscal and investment policy
Improve monetary, taxation, investment, finance and other policies related to energy development, strengthen policy guidance and support, and promote the sustainable development of the energy industry。
Increase monetary funding support。Continue to arrange investment from the central government budget, support the renovation and upgrading of rural power grids, the construction of oil and gas reserves bases, coal mine safety reform, etc.。Continue to support the implementation of major scientific and technological projects。Support coal enterprises in resolving excess production capacity, and with the proper diversion and placement of staff。Support the environmental restoration of closed coal mines。Improve the energy taxation policy。Comprehensively promote the reform and reasonable adjustment of resources taxation
Resource development revenue。Accelerate and promote the transformation of environmental protection fees into taxes。Improve the environmental protection electricity pricing policy for desulfurization, denitrification, dust removal and ultra-low emissions. Strengthen operational supervision, implement price, tax, and monetary linkages reform, and promote energy conservation and emission reductions。
Improve energy investment policies。Draw up an energy market access "blacklist", and encourage and guide all kinds of market actors to enter fields outside the "blacklist"。Strengthen the coordination between investment policy and industrial policy, and improve the investment policy for exploration, development and major energy demonstration projects for unconventional oil and gas, deep-sea oil and gas, natural uranium and other resources 。
Improve the energy finance system。Establish information sharing mechanism between energy industry and financial institutions, steadily develop energy futures markets, and explore the formation of a market for tradeable new energy and renewable energy production rights。Strengthen energy policy guidance, support increased energy project construction financing by financial institutions in accordance with the principles of controllable risk and sustainable business, increase guarantor strength, and encourage venture capital to participate in energy projects in a variety of ways。Encourage the deep integration of finance and the internet, innovate energy finance products and services, broaden the financing channels for innovative energy enterprises, and increase the share of direct financing。
3. Strengthen implementation mechanisms for energy planning
Establish institutional safeguards, a clear division of responsibilities, strengthen supervision and evaluation, strengthen 'special supervision', and ensure the effective implementation of energy planning。
Enhanced the guiding and binding role of energy planning。Improve the energy planning system, develop 'special planning' for related fields, plan and determine key tasks in fine detail, and promote the effective implementation of planning。Strengthen the convergence of provincial and national energy planning, improve the guiding and binding mechanisms of planning, let the main objectives and key tasks determined in planning be broken up and incorporated into provincial energy planning, and achieve binding control on total amounts in the planning。Improve mechanisms linking planning and energy projects, with projects approved by a certain authority incorporated into the corresponding authorities' planning, projects not included in planning shall in principle not be approved, improving the guiding and binding role of planning on projects。
Establish a dynamic assessment mechanism for energy planning。With energy planning implementation in the mid-term, energy authorities should organize a planning implementation assessment, and if necessary, perform mid-term adjustment in accordance with the planning procedures。Planning implementation and evaluation results shall be entered into the local government performance evaluation system。
Innovative supervision methods for energy planning implementation。Adhering to the combination of decentralization and centralized administrative management, establish efficient and transparent supervision system for energy planning implementation。Innovate supervision methods, and improve supervision effectiveness。Focus on supervision of planning development goals, reform measures and the implementation of major projects. Strengthen policy supervision on coal, coal-fired power and other industries, prepare and publish annual supervision reports on energy planning implementation, define corrective measures, and ensure the implementation of planning。
