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13th FYP development plan for wind power
Original title: 《风电发展“十三五”规划》
Links: Original CN (link).
National Energy Administration, Dept. for new and renewable energy [2016] No. 314
National Energy Administration
Notice of the issuance of the "13th FYP development plan for wind power"
To the Development and Reform Commission (Energy Administration) of all provinces (region, municipality), local branches of energy regulatory agencies, State Grid Corporation of China, China Southern Power Grid Corporation, Inner Mongolia Electric Power Corporation, Huaneng, Datang, Huadian, Guodian, China Power Investment, Shenhua, Three Gorges, China Resources, China National Nuclear Corporation, China Guangdong Nuclear Power Corporation, China Energy Conservation Group Corporation, China National Hydro Power Institute, Electric Power Planning Design General Institute, Wind Energy Association, and the National Renewable Energy Center：
To promote the sustained and healthy development of the wind power industry, to accelerate the establishment of a clean, low-carbon, safe and efficient modern energy system, in accordance with the requirements of the "Renewable Energy Law", on the basis of the "13th Five-Year Plan for Energy Development" and the "13th Five-Year Plan for Renewable Energy Development", we have formulated the "13th Five-Year Plan for Wind Power Development"; this is hereby issued to you, and you are requested to implement accordingly。
Annex：13th FYP development plan for wind power
National Energy Administration
November 16, 2016
Annex
13th FYP development plan for wind power
National Energy Administration
November 2016
Table of contents
Foreword
1. Development status and outlook
(i) International situation
(ii) Domestic situation
2. Guiding ideology and basic principles
(1) Guiding principles
(2) Basic principles
3. Development goals and construction layout
(i) Development goals
(ii) Construction layout
4. Key tasks
(i) Effectively solve wind power consumption problems
(ii) Increase development and utilization of wind power in eastern, central and southern China
(iii) Promote indigenous technological innovation and industrial system building
(iv) Improve the administrative management system for the wind power industry
(v) Establish a market competition mechanism that ensures survival of the fittest
(vi) Strengthen international cooperation
(vii) Bring into play the supporting role of finance for the wind power industry
5. Innovative development methods
(i) Carry out demonstration for consuming high percentage shares of wind power within the province generating it
(ii) Promote regional cooperation for wind power consumption
(iii) Promote the complementary utilization of wind power with hydropower and other forms of renewable energy
（四）拓展风电就地利用方式
6. Safeguard measures
（一）完善年度开发方案管理机制
（二）落实全额保障性收购制度
（三）加强运行消纳情况监管
（四）创新价格及补贴机制
7. Planning and implementation results
(i) Estimated investment
(ii) Environmental and social benefits
Foreword
Wind power technology is mature and the production cost is constantly decreasing. It is currently the largest renewable power generation method。The development of wind power has become an important element part of many countries’ efforts to promote energy transition and an important way to address climate change. It is also an important means for China to further promote the energy production and consumption revolution and to promote prevention of atmospheric pollution。
The "13th Five-Year Plan" period is an important period for China to promote the energy development strategy of "Four Revolutions and One Cooperation"。In order to achieve the target of 15% and 20% of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption in 2020 and 2030, respectively, to promote the transformation and upgrading of the energy structure and to promote the sustained and healthy development of the wind power industry, in accordance with the requirements of the "Renewable Energy Law", and on the basis of the "13th Five-Year Plan for Energy Development" and the "13th Five-Year Plan for Renewable Energy Development", this plans was developed。
This plan clarifies the guiding ideology, basic principles, development goals, construction layout, key tasks, innovation and development methods, and safeguard measures for wind power development in China from 2016 to 2020, and is an important guide for the development of wind power in China during the 13th Five-Year Plan period。
1. Development status and outlook
(i) International situation
With countries worldwide paying increasing attention to issues such as energy security, the environment, climate change and other issues, accelerating the development of wind power has already become a tool in promoting energy transition, and a general consensus and concerted action in coping with global climate change in the international community。This is clear mainly in：
Wind power has achieved industrialized application on a global scale。Wind power is the most widely used and fastest-growing of new energy technologies, and has achieved industrialized application on a global scale。By the end of 2015, global cumulative installed capacity of wind power reached 432 GW, in over 100 countries and regions。During the "12th FYP" period, global newly installed wind power capacity was 238 GW, an average annual growth of 17%, and the largest increase in installed capacity of any new power generation technologies。
Wind power has become an important part of electricity supply growth in a number of countries。Since 2000, wind power accounted for 30% of newly installed capacity in Europe, and since 2007 wind power accounted for 33% in the United States。In 2015, the share of wind power in electricity consumption was 42%, 19% and 13%, in Denmark, Spain and Germany, respectively。With the increasingly strong global consensus on the development of renewable energy, wind power will play a more important role in future electric power systems。The United States has proposed to get 20% of electricity consumption supplied by wind power by 2030, and Denmark, Germany and other countries use the development of wind power as a core measure in achieving a high share of renewable energy by 2050。
The economics of wind power development and utilization have significantly improved。With the continuous global progress in the development, utilization, and technologies of wind power, as well as the continuous expansion of the scale of utilization, the cost of development and utilization of wind power has dropped by about 30% in the past five years。In Brazil, South Africa, Egypt, and other countries, the bidding price of wind power has already been lower than of the local traditional fossil energy feed-in tariff. In the U.S., the price in long-term wind power agreements has fallen to levels comparable with that of fossil electricity prices. Wind power is gradually beginning to show stronger economic performance。
(ii) Domestic situation
1) Development status
During the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, nationwide wind power installations have grown rapidly, development layout has continuously been optimized, the technological level has improved significantly, the policy system has gradually improved, wind power has already gone from a development stage of supplementary form of energy to one of a alternative form of energy, which has become clear from：
Wind power has become an important element in China's newly installed power generation capacity。During the "12th Five-Year Plan" period, China's newly installed capacity of wind power was the world's highest for five consecutive years. A total of 98 GW have been added, accounting for 18% of the national total of newly installed generation capacity over the same period, with its share in the power generation source structure increasing increasing every year。Positive results have been achieved with wind power development and construction in the Central, Eastern and Southern regions。By the end of 2015, the national total of grid-connected installed capacity of wind power reached 129 GW. Annual power generation amounted to 186.3 TWh, accounted for 3.3% of the national total electricity generation; a 2.1 percentage point increase over 2010。Wind power has become China's third largest source of power, after coal and hydropower。
Industry technology levels have significantly improved。Industry localization has basically been achieved for the entire industrial chain for wind power, with the level of industry concentration continually increasing, and many companies ranking among the global top 10。The technological level and reliability of wind power equipment are continuously improving, have basically reached a globally advanced level, and have been exported to 28 countries and regions while simultaneously satisfying the domestic market demand。The grid-friendliness and adaptability of wind turbines to special environments such as high altitude, low temperature, and frost have been significantly improved, the economics of low wind speed wind power technologies has significantly been enhanced, and the nationwide volume of wind resources that can be developed has significantly increased。
Industry management and policy systems have gradually improved。“十二五”期间，我国基本建立了较为完善的促进风电产业发展的行业管理和政策体系，出台了风电项目开发、建设、并网、运行管理及信息监管等各关键环节的管理规定和技术要求，简化了风电开发建设管理流程，完善了风电技术标准体系，开展了风电设备整机及关键零部件型式认证，建立了风电产业信息监测和评价体系，基本形成了规范、公平、完善的风电行业政策环境，保障了风电产业的持续健康发展。
2) Situation and challenges
In order to achieve the goal of a 15% and 20% share of non-fossil energy in primary energy consumption in 2020 and 2030, respectively, and to promote energy transition, China must accelerate the development of wind power and other renewable energy industries。However, as the scale of utilization continues to expand, the development of wind power also faces many new challenges, which has become clear from：
The existing management mechanism for power operation does not meet the needs of large-scale wind power integration。China's assessment and approval for power generation planning and start-up methods for large numbers of coal-fired power generation units is not scientific. Incentive policies for ancillary services are not in place. The mechanism for planning and evaluation for inter-provincial power grid linkages is not reasonable. The potential for inter-provincial and inter-regional compensation and regulation cannot be fully realized. Demand-side responsiveness is constrained by rigid pricing policies. [These] many factors have caused the system's ability to absorb wind power and other renewable energy to not have been effectively tapped, with problems of wind power curtailment arising in a some areas。
Economics are still an important factor restricting the development of wind power。Compared with traditional fossil power generation, wind power generation cost remain relatively high. Subsidy needs and policy dependency remain relatively strong, with industry development relatively strongly influenced by policy changes。At the same time, pricing and taxation mechanisms that reflect the environmental costs of fossil energy sources have not yet been established, so that the environmental benefits of wind power and other clean energy are not reflected。
Policies and a market environment that support the development of wind power still needs further improvement。The problem of local government protection of wind power development has become more prominent, with “heavy construction and light utilization” of wind power in some areas, and policies for giving priority to the development of renewable energy have not been properly implemented。The administrative management system for equipment quality is not yet complete, a mechanism for industrial survival of the fittest has not yet been established, the degree of industry concentration needs to be further increased, and low-level equipment still occupies a relatively large share of the market。
2. Guiding ideology and basic principles
(1) Guiding principles
全面贯彻党的十八大和十八届三中、四中、五中、六中全会精神，落实创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享的发展理念，遵循习近平总书记能源发展战略思想，坚持清洁低碳、安全高效的发展方针，顺应全球能源转型大趋势，不断完善促进风电产业发展的政策措施，尽快建立适应风电规模化发展和高效利用的体制机制，加强对风电全额保障性收购的监管，积极推动技术进步，不断提高风电的经济性，持续增加风电在能源消费中的比重，实现风电从补充能源向替代能源的转变。
(2) Basic principles
坚持消纳优先，加强就地利用。把风电在能源消费中的比重作为指导各地区能源发展的重要约束性指标，把风电消纳利用水平作为风电开发建设管理的基本依据。坚持集中开发与分散利用并举的原则，优化风电建设布局，大力推动风电就地和就近利用。
坚持推进改革，完善体制机制。把促进风电等新能源发展作为电力市场化改革的重要内容，建立公平竞争的电力市场和节能低碳的调度机制。完善和创新市场交易机制，支持通过直接交易和科学调度实现风电多发满发。完善政府公益性、调节性服务功能，确保风电依照规划实现全额保障性收购。
坚持创新发展，推动技术进步。把加强产业创新能力作为引导风电规模化发展的主要方向，鼓励企业提升自主研发能力，完善和升级产业链，推动关键技术创新，促进度电成本快速下降，提高风电产品的市场竞争力。完善风电产业管理和运维体系，提高全过程专业化服务能力。
坚持市场导向，促进优胜劣汰。充分发挥市场配置资源的决定性作用，鼓励以竞争性方式配置资源。严格风电产品市场准入标准，完善工程质量监督管理体系，加强产品检测认证与技术检测监督，推广先进技术，淘汰落后产能，建立公开、公平、公正的市场环境。
坚持开放合作，开拓国际市场。加强风电产业多种形式的国际合作，推动形成具有全球竞争力的风电产业集群。大力支持和鼓励我国风电设备制造和开发企业开拓国际风电市场，促进我国风电产业在全球能源治理体系中发挥重要作用。
3. Development goals and construction layout
(i) Development goals
Overall target：By year end 2020, ensure that the total grid-connected capacity of wind power has reached 210 GW, of which 5 GW of grid-connected offshore wind power；ensure wind power generation reaches 420 TWh, accounting for about 6% of total electricity generation 。
Consumption target：By 2020, effectively solve the problem of wind power curtailment. The entire "Three Norths" region meets the minimum number of guaranteed full-load hours purchased 。
Industrial development goals：Wind power equipment manufacturing level and R&D capabilities continue to improve, 3 to 5 equipment manufacturers are at an advanced level internationally, with market share significantly improved。
(ii) Construction layout
In accordance with the specific characteristics of wind resources and current grid operating status in China, the wind power development principles in the "13th FYP" period are as follows：
1) Accelerate the development of onshore wind energy resources in the eastern and southern regions
Accelerate the development of onshore wind energy resources in the eastern and southern regions Accelerate the large-scale development of onshore wind energy resources in the eastern and southern regions, whilst ensuring environmental protection, soil and water conservation and vegetation restoration, and in principle aim for consumption of the wind power close to the source of generation, enabling better utilization of the wide-spread and distributed wind resources that require flexibility on the consumption side。Combine grid construction plans and upgrading of rural power grids; promote the development of distributed wind power connected to low voltage distribution networks, and the integration of wind power and other types of distributed energy, whilst considering local availability of resources, land, and conditions for transport, construction and installation 。
By 2020, there will be an additional 42 GW or more of grid-connected onshore wind power in the eastern and southern regions, with cumulative grid-connected capacity reaching 70 GW or more。In order to guarantee achieving targets for shares of non-fossil energy in the energy mix, local wind power development plans of provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should not be less than the planned development targets as listed in Table 1。On the basis of ensuring the consumption of wind power, provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) are encouraged to further expand the scale of development of wind power; provinces with relatively low levels of wind power installations and high productivity of wind farms are encouraged to actively accept inter-provincial or inter-regional imports of wind power。
Table 1. 2020 development targets for onshore wind power capacity in Eastern, Central, and Southern regions |
||
| No. | Area | Total grid-connected wind power capacity
(unit：MW) |
| East China | Shanghai | 500 |
| Jiangsu | 6,500 | |
| Zhejiang | 3,000 | |
| Anhui | 3,500 | |
| Fujian | 3,000 | |
| Eastern China total | 16,500 | |
| Central China | Jiangxi | 3,000 |
| Henan | 6,000 | |
| Hubei | 5,000 | |
| Hunan | 6,000 | |
| Chongqing | 500 | |
| Sichuan | 5,000 | |
| Tibet Autonomous Region | 200 | |
| Central China total | 25,700 | |
| South China | Guizhou | 6,000 |
| Yunnan | 12,000 | |
| Guangdong | 6,000 | |
| Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region | 3,500 | |
| Hainan | 300 | |
| Southern China total | 27,800 | |
| Eastern, Central, and Southern regions total onshore wind power capacity | 70,000 | |
2) Orderly promote local consumption of wind power in the "Three Norths" region
Provinces (regions) with serious wind power curtailment problems should focus on resolving the low levels of wind power consumption from the current stock of wind power projects over the "13th FYP" period。Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) with relatively low shares of wind power, but very good operational performance of wind farms, should orderly develop both new wind power installations as well as local wind power consumption。
On the basis of essentially solving the wind power curtailment problems, through the promotion of local wind power consumption and through the use of existing long-distance power transport capacity, the "Three Norths" region will add circa 35 GW of grid-connected wind power capacity by 2020, with cumulative grid-connected capacity reaching circa 135 GW。 Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) where wind farm productivity does not reach the guaranteed minimum level of full-load hours purchased, should not exceed the development targets for grid-connected wind power capacity as listed in Table 2。
Table 2. 2020 development targets for onshore wind power capacity in the "Three Norths" regions |
||
| No. | Area | Total grid-connected wind power capacity (unit：MW) |
| North China | Beijing | 500 |
| Tianjin | 1,000 | |
| Hebei | 18,000 | |
| Shanxi | 9,000 | |
| Shandong | 12,000 | |
| West Inner Mongolia | 17,000 | |
| North China total | 57,500 | |
| North-East China | Liaoning | 8,000 |
| Jilin | 5,000 | |
| Heilongjiang | 6,000 | |
| East Inner Mongolia | 10,000 | |
| North-East China total | 29,000 | |
| North-West China | Shaanxi | 5,500 |
| Gansu | 14,000 | |
| Qinghai | 2,000 | |
| Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region | 9,000 | |
| Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (including XPCC) | 18,000 | |
| North-West China total | 48,500 | |
| "Three Norths" region total | 135,000 | |
3) Use inter-provincial and inter-regional transmission to optimize the allocation of wind power resources
Using the inter-provincial and inter-regional transmission capacity currently under construction and planned in the "Three Norths" region, optimize the distribution of wind, solar, thermal, and other types of power supply, and effectively expand the "Three Norths" regions' scale of wind power development and consumption market。
Over the "13th FYP" period, orderly promote 40 GW of inter-provincial or inter-regional consumption of wind power in the "Three Norths" (including existing stock of projects)。Wind power projects that will use long-distance transmission lines for exports, are required to have a clear consumption market and dispatch plan before construction starts。
Table 3. "13th FYP" plan for inter-provincial or inter-regional power transport from large-scale wind bases in the "Three-Norths" regions (includes existing projects) |
|||
| Area | Wind power base | Relying on outgoing transmission cable | Development area |
| Inner Mongolia | Ximeng North wind power base | Ximeng - Taizhou UHV DC transmission project | Ximeng |
| Ximeng South wind power base | Ximeng - Shandong UHV AC Transmission Project | Ximeng | |
| Ordos East wind power base | Western Inner Mongolia - South Tianjin UHV AC transmission project | West Inner Mongolia | |
| Ordos West wind power base | Shanghai Miao - Shandong UHV DC transmission project | West Inner Mongolia | |
| Tongliao wind power base | Jarud - Shandong UHV DC transmission project | North-east China | |
| Shanxi | Shanxi North wind power base | Shanxi - Jiangsu UHV DC transmission project | Datong, Xinzhou, Shuozhou |
| Gansu | Jiuquan wind power base phase 2 | Jiuquan - Hunan UHV DC transmission project | Jiuquan |
| Ningxia | Ningxia wind power base | Ningdong - Zhejiang UHV DC transmission project | Ningxia |
| Xinjiang | Zhundong wind power base | Zhundong - South Anhui UHV DC Project | Zhundong |
4. Actively and steadily push forward the construction of offshore wind power
Focus on promoting the construction of offshore wind power in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and other provinces. By 2020 offshore wind power projects under construction in each of these four provinces will be one GW or more。 Actively promote the construction of offshore wind power in Tianjin, Hebei, Shanghai, Hainan and other provinces (municipalities) 。Explore possibilities for promoting offshore wind power projects in Liaoning, Shandong, Guangxi and other provinces (regions)。By 2020, total capacity of offshore wind power projects under construction will reach 10 GW, whilst striving for 5 GW of cumulative grid-connected capacity。
Table 4. 2020 National offshore wind power development layout |
|||
| No. | Area | Grid-connected capacity, cumulative
(unit：MW) |
Projects under construction
(unit：MW) |
| 1 | Tianjin | 100 | 200 |
| 2 | Liaoning | – | 100 |
| 3 | Hebei | – | 500 |
| 4 | Jiangsu | 3,000 | 4,500 |
| 5 | Zhejiang | 300 | 1,000 |
| 6 | Shanghai | 300 | 400 |
| 7 | Fujian | 900 | 2,000 |
| 8 | Guangdong | 300 | 1,000 |
| 9 | Hainan | 100 | 350 |
| Total | 5,000 | 10,050 | |
4. Key tasks
(i) Effectively solve wind power consumption problems
By strengthening power grid construction, improving the peak regulation capacity, optimize scheduling and other measures, fully utilize the system's capacity to absorb wind power, promote co-ordination of consumption within the area as well as inter-provincial and inter-regional consumption, and effectively solve the problem of wind power consumption。
Rational planning of the power grid structure, reinforce grid weaknesses。Power grid enterprises shall, on the basis of the "13th FYP development plan for electric power", focus on strengthening planning and construction of supporting power grid in areas with concentrated wind power projects, target reinforcement and capacity expansion of key sections in export transmission lines, wind power collection stations, and substation hubs, gradually improve and strengthen the distribution network and the main grid structure, and effectively reduce the phenomenon of wide-area curtailment of wind power due to lacking export capacity of the local power grid or transformer capacity。Accelerate and promote construction of supporting key inter-provincial high-voltage transmission lines for wind power, and ensure timely operational start。
Fully utilize system peaking potential, improve system flexibility。Accelerate upgrading the operational flexibility of conventional coal-fired power generation units and heat supply units. Through policy incentives for technological retrofitting, strengthened administrative management and ancillary services, increase the peak regulation strength of coal-fired units, clarify the responsibilities and implementation measures for peak regulation by on-site industrial power plants as soon as possible, promote the participation of on-site industrial power plants in peak regulation, pay attention to and promote peak regulation by gas turbines, and strive to resolve the operational conflicts between wind power and cogeneration units in the winter heating period。Strengthen construction of a demand side management and response system, carry out and promote interruptible load pilot projects, and constantly improve system capacity for local consumption of wind power。
Optimize dispatching management, fully utilize system potential for accepting wind power。Revise and improve technical specifications for power dispatch, improve wind power prediction accuracy, and promote participation of wind power in electric power balancing。Reasonably arrange start-up scale and power generation plan for conventional power sources, gradually reduce coal-fired power in power generation plans, and reserve sufficient space for wind power。Whilst ensuring system security, fully incorporate wind power into annual operation plans of grid or provincial dispatch。Strengthen coordination within the region, optimize planning and assessment methods for inter-provincial connection lines, fully utilize inter-provincial peak regulation resources, and promote optimal allocation of wind power resources within the region。Make full use of inter-provincial or inter-regional transmission lines, maximize the inter-provincial transmission of wind power through market-based mechanisms, and promote the inter-provincial or inter-regional consumption of wind power。
Table 5. "13th FYP" Key measures for the promotion of wind power consumption |
|
| North China | (1) Coordinated planning and operating in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, and Inner Mongolia; strengthen unification of the power grid in this region; realise the consumption of wind power generated in Hebei and Inner Mongolia within this region。
(2) Integrated air pollution control, actively promote electrification to replace the use of other types of energy。 (3) Vigorously promote demand-side response and management, improve the level of smart dispatching。 (4) Realise UHV long-distance transmission cables for the balanced operating of wind and coal power, enusre the effective consumption of wind power exports。 |
| North-East China | (1) Retrofit peaking units in district heating, improve district heating peaking capacity。
(2) Actively promote electrification to replace the use of other types of energy; increase electricity demand load。 (3) Reinforce weaknesses in local grids of Jilin and Liaoning; resolve bottlenecks in intra-provincial wind power exports |
| North-West China | (1) Promote the participation of captive power plants in providing system peak loads and other auxiliary services。
(2) Fully utilize benefits of mutual support of hydro, thermal, wind, and solar power sources in the five Northwestern provinces (regions); optimize the operation of inter-provincial transmission lines and assessment methods。 (3) Strengthen power grid construction in Jiuquan (Gansu), and other areas; improve the transmission capacity for wind power。 (4) Realise UHV long-distance transmission cables for the balanced operating of wind and coal power, enusre the effective consumption of wind power exports。 |
(ii) Increase development and utilization of wind power in eastern, central and southern China
Emphasize the development of wind power in eastern, central and southern China, and let eastern, central and southern China be the key growth markets for sustained large-scale development of wind power。
Good wind power development planning。Let wind power be an important driver in promoting energy transition, energy conservation and emissions reduction in eastern, central and southern China, as well as an important measure in promoting local economic and social development。Guide targets on the basis of resource conditions, energy consumption and renewable energy development levels in each province (autonomous region, municipality), and in accordance with the principle of "local development, nearby consumption", prepare wind power development plans。Implement grid access, market consumption, land use and other construction conditions for projects incorporated into planning, properly break down the scale of development and construction to individual years, and ensure the rapid and orderly development of wind power。
Improve the policy environment for the development of wind power。Innovate institutional mechanisms for wind power development, and in accordance with local conditions, support the introduction of policy measures。Simplify supporting documents for wind power project approval, introduce support policy for the coordinated development of wind power and forest and agricultural lands, and increase the efficiency of wind power development and utilization。Establish a sound wind power project investment entry policy, and protect the orderly development and construction of wind power。Encourage indigenous innovation by enterprises, and accelerate the promotion of technological progress and cost reduction. Give enterprises full autonomy in the selection of equipment and the number of units installed。
Improve the technical level of wind power development。Strengthen surveying and assessment of wind energy resources, and improve the level of micro-siting technology. For different resource conditions, research designs using using different turbine models, tower heights and control strategies. Strengthen equipment selection research, and in accordance with local conditions, explore the installation of different types of turbine units in the same wind farm。In the feasibility study and design stage, promote the application of tendering by manufacturers of the main equipment。Promote progress in low wind speed wind power technology, and in accordance with local conditions, promote development and construction of conventional wind power and low wind speed wind power。
(iii) Promote indigenous technological innovation and industrial system building
Continuously improve the capacity for indigenous innovation, strengthen the construction of an industry service system, promote progress in industrial technology, enhance the quality of wind power development, and complete building a wind power technology R&D and equipment manufacturing system that is at a globally advanced level。
Promote indigenous innovation of industrial technology。Strengthen application of big data, 3D printing and other intelligent manufacturing technologies, and comprehensively enhance the performance and intelligence of wind turbines。Create breakthroughs in the design and manufacturing technology of 10 MW-class large capacity wind turbines and key components。Master wind turbine technology for load optimization, intelligent diagnostics, and autonomous fault-recovery. Master wind farm intelligent operation and maintenance technology based on internet of things, cloud computing and big data analysis. Master coordinated control technology of multi-unit farms and wind farm groups。Create breakthroughs in the design and key supporting construction technology of near-shore wind farms, and master the integrated design technology of offshore wind turbine units and infrastructure and carry out demonstration。Encourage enterprises to use new technologies, reduce operating and management costs, improve the operational efficiency of the existing stock of assets, and enhance market competitiveness。
Strengthen building of a public technology platform。Build a national public service platform for wind resources, providing high-resolution wind resource data。Construct near-coastal offshore testing wind farms, providing type testing sites and field test conditions for the development and optimization of new turbine types。Build a ground-based testing platform for 10 MW-class wind turbine transmission drive-trains, providing testing, certification, and safeguards for technological research and development for the development and optimization of new turbine types, and effectively improve the service level of the public technology platform。
Promote the construction of an industrial service system。Optimize the consulting services industry, and encourage improved quality of consulting services through market competition。Actively develop specialized services for operation and maintenance, retrofitting, power and electricity trading etc., and create proper market management and rules。Innovate business model and management tools, and fully share the industry service resources。Establish national wind power technical training and talent cultivation bases, to provide skills training and qualification certification for wind power professionals, cooperate with enterprises, universities and research institutes to develop personnel training, and improve the industrial service system。
(iv) Improve the administrative management system for the wind power industry
Thoroughly implement the overall requirements for decentralization, continue to improve the administrative management system for the wind power industry, and establish a policy system and administrative management mechanism to ensure the sustained and healthy development of the wind power industry。
Strengthening administrative management and coordination。Accelerate the establishment of a coordinated operating mechanism among government agencies for energy, land, forestry, environmental protection, and oceans, and define the management responsibilities and approval procedure process for government departments, to provide a very good market environment for the healthy and orderly development of wind power projects。Improve the administrative management of decentralized wind power projects, and introduce management measures for re-powering after turbine retirement。
Improve policy for the offshore wind power industry。Carry out offshore wind resources surveying and evaluation, and improve the offshore wind power development plan of coastal provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) 。Accelerate construction schedules of offshore wind power projects, and encourage coastal provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) and key developer companies to build offshore wind demonstration projects。Standardize and streamline project approval procedures, and improve the pricing policy for offshore wind power。Strengthen the development of standards and procedures, equipment testing and certification, and information monitoring tasks, and form a mature system of technical standards for equipment manufacturing and construction projects, that covers the entire industrial chain。
Fully realize informatization of administrative industry management。In combination with the national governments' requirements for decentralization, improve ad-interim and ex-post supervision of wind power construction and operation, and strengthen supervision of wind power projects, equipment quality and operation。Use big data, "Internet +" and other information technologies, establish and improve an information monitoring system for the entire life cycle of wind power projects, and fully realize informatization of administrative industry management。
(v) Establish a market competition mechanism that ensures survival of the fittest
Exert the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources, accelerate the transformation of government functions, establish a market competition environment that is fair and orderly, and that ensures the survival of the fittest, and promote the healthy development of the industry。
Strengthen government supervision。Regulate the behavior of local governments, correcting improper administrative intervention such as "exchanging [access to] resources for industry [localization]"。Regulate the orderly investment and development of wind power projects, eliminate illegal company behavior such as the trade in approval documents and unauthorized changes in investment entities, establish administrative management systems for recording bad corporate behavior, 'negative lists', etc. and create a mechanism for expulsion form the market。Build a fair, just and open market environment for tenders and procurement, eliminate unfair transactions between connected parties, and correct violations of the principle of fairness and disruption of the market order in a timely manner。
Strengthen quality inspection。Establish a quality inspection and management mechanism covering the entire process of design, production and operation。Give full play to the role of industry associations, improve the system for monitoring and evaluation of the operational quality of wind turbines, and regularly carry out comprehensive evaluation of the operation of wind turbines。Implement and early warning system for the reporting, analysis and evaluation of major accidents at wind farms and for common faults, and publish a 'negative list' of wind turbine operating quality on a regular basis.。Give full play to the regulating role of the market, effectively integrate resources, encourage mergers and acquisitions of wind power equipment manufacturing enterprises, and increase market concentration。
Improve the standard testing and certification system。Further improve the system of standards for wind power, formulate and revise testing and evaluation standards for wind turbines, wind farms, and auxiliary operation and maintenance equipment, and improve standards for key wind turbine components, construction equipment, engineering technology and for wind farm operation, maintenance, and safety。Strengthen capacity building for testing and certification, carry out wind turbine and project certification, and increase the connection between test results and the construction credit system。
(vi) Strengthen international cooperation
Closely integrate the “One Belt and One Road” initiative with multilateral and bilateral cooperation mechanisms, grasping the global wind power industry development trend and the window of opportunity for deep cooperation in the international market, and promote the international development of China's wind power industry in an orderly manner。
Steadily open up the international wind power market。Give full play to the competitive advantages of Chinese wind power equipment and developer companies, thoroughly connect with international demand, steadily develop emerging markets in North Africa, Central Asia, Eastern Europe, and South America, consolidate and expand the traditional markets in North America, Australia, Europe, etc., encourage the use of various methods such as trade, investment, [industrial] park construction, and technical cooperation, and promote all sorts of firms engaged in consulting, design, general contracting, equipment, and operators the wind power industry field to go global。Increase guarantees for financing, credit protection and other services, and form a number of backbone wind power equipment enterprises with international competitiveness and market development capabilities。
Strengthen international brand building。Adhere to the principles of market orientation and commercial modes of operation, strengthen credit ratings, establish and improve a system of standards for wind power product exports, including systems for quality monitoring and safety in production, administrative management systems for regulation of investment in overseas investment projects, etc.。Strictly control the quality of exported wind power equipment, promote strengthening of international brand building by developer enterprises and equipment manufacturers, and create a good market image with excellent quality and proper service for Chinese wind power equipment。
Actively participate in development of international standard systems。Encourage domestic organizations engaged in wind power design, construction, operation and maintenance, and testing and certification, to actively participate in the formulation and revision of international standards。Encourage technical exchanges and cooperation with overseas enterprises and relevant institutions, enhance the exchange, cooperation and mutual recognition of technical standards, and promote international recognition of Chinese wind power certification。Actively use international multilateral mechanisms for mutual recognition, thoroughly participate in the formulation, implementation and evaluation of quality assessment standards and rules in mutual recognition systems for renewable energy certification, and improve China's influence in international certification, accreditation, testing and other fields。
Actively promote international technical cooperation。On the basis of existing bilateral governmental cooperation, further deepen technical cooperation, and establishing new types of bilateral and multilateral inter-governmental and private partnerships。Encourage the development of international cooperation in national-level wind power public laboratories, and establish mutual trust and sharing in activities such as the construction of large-scale public wind power databases。Encourage domestic enterprises to set up overseas R&D branches, carry out basic scientific research in non-UN agencies, and support the establishment of special international cooperation projects on wind power technologies between enterprises。Do a good job at dealing with intellectual property rights that arise from international cooperation on wind power technologies。
(vii) Bring into play the supporting role of finance for the wind power industry
Actively promote the integration of the wind power industry and the financial system, raise the level of risk prevention and control for the industry, and encourage enterprises to reduce development costs。
Improve the insurance services system, and raise the level of risk prevention and control for the wind power industry。建立健全风电保险基础数据库与行业信息共享平台，制定风电设备、风电场风险评级标准规范，定期发布行业风险评估报告，推动风电设备和风电场投保费率差异化。建立覆盖风电设备及项目全过程的保险产品体系。创新保险服务模式，鼓励风电设备制造企业联合投保。鼓励保险公司以共保体、设立优先赔付基金的方式开展保险服务，探索成立面向风电设备质量的专业性相互保险组织。推进保险公司积极采信第三方专业机构的评价结果，在全行业推广用保函替代质量保证金。
创新融资模式，降低融资成本。鼓励企业通过多元化的金融手段，积极利用低成本资金降低融资成本。将风电项目纳入国家基础设施建设鼓励目录。鼓励金融机构发行绿色债券，鼓励政策性银行以较低利率等方式加大对风电产业的支持，鼓励商业银行推进项目融资模式。鼓励风电企业利用公开发行上市、绿色债券、资产证券化、融资租赁、供应链金融等金融工具，探索基于互联网和大数据的新兴融资模式。
积极参与碳交易市场，增加风电项目经济收益。充分认识碳交易市场对风电等清洁能源行业的积极作用，重视碳资产管理工作，按照规定积极进行项目注册和碳减排量交易。完善绿色证书交易平台建设，推动实施绿色电力证书交易，并做好与全国碳交易市场的衔接协调。
5. Innovative development methods
(i) Carry out demonstration for consuming high percentage shares of wind power within the province generating it
在蒙西等一批地区，开展规划建设、调度运行、政策机制等方面创新实践，推动以风电为主的新能源消纳示范省（区）建设。制定明确的风电等新能源的利用目标，开展风电高比例消纳示范，着力提高新能源在示范省（区）内能源消费中的比重。推动实施电能替代，加强城市配电网与农村电网建设与改造，提高风电等清洁能源的消纳能力，在示范省（区）内推动建立以清洁能源为主的现代能源体系。
(ii) Promote regional cooperation for wind power consumption
在京津冀周边区域，结合大气污染防治工作以及可再生能源电力消费比重目标，开展区域风电协同消纳机制创新。研究适应大规模风电受入的区域电网加强方案。研究建立灵活的风电跨省跨区交易结算机制和辅助服务共享机制。统筹送受端调峰资源为外送风电调峰，推动张家口、承德、乌兰察布、赤峰、锡盟、包头等地区的风电有序开发和统筹消纳，提高区域内风电消纳水平与比重。
(iii) Promote the complementary utilization of wind power with hydropower and other forms of renewable energy
在四川、云南、贵州等地区，发挥风电与水电的季节性、时段性互补特性，开展风电与水电等可再生能源综合互补利用示范，探索风水互补消纳方式，实现风水互补协调运行。
借助水电外送通道，重点推进凉山州、雅砻江、金沙江、澜沧江、乌江、北盘江等地区与流域的风（光）水联合运行基地规划建设，优化风电与水电打捆外送方式。结合电力市场化改革，完善丰枯电价、峰谷电价及分时电价机制，鼓励风电与水电共同参与外送电市场化竞价。
（四）拓展风电就地利用方式
在北方地区大力推广风电清洁供暖，统筹电蓄热供暖设施及热力管网的规划建设，优先解决存量风电消纳需求。因地制宜推广风电与地热及低温热源结合的绿色综合供暖系统。开展风电制氢、风电淡化海水等新型就地消纳示范。结合输配电价改革和售电侧改革，积极探索适合分布式风电的市场资源组织形式、盈利模式与经营管理模式。推动风电的分布式发展和应用，探索微电网形式的风电资源利用方式，推进风光储互补的新能源微电网建设。
6. Safeguard measures
（一）完善年度开发方案管理机制
结合简政放权有关要求，鼓励以市场化方式配置风能资源。对风电发展较好、不存在限电问题的地区放开陆上风电年度建设规模指标，对完成海上风电规划的地区放开海上风电年度建设规模指标。结合规划落实、运行消纳等情况，滚动调整风电发展规划。
（二）落实全额保障性收购制度
结合电力体制改革，督促各地按照《可再生能源法》和《可再生能源发电全额保障性收购管理办法》的要求，严格落实可再生能源全额保障性收购制度，确保规划内的风电项目优先发电。在保障电力系统安全稳定运行以外的情况下，若因化石能源发电挤占消纳空间和线路输电容量而导致风电限电，由相应的化石能源发电企业进行补偿。
（三）加强运行消纳情况监管
加强对风电调度运行和消纳情况的监管，完善信息监测体系，定期发布风电运行消纳数据。由国家能源局及派出机构定期开展弃风限电问题专项监管，及时发布监管报告，督促有关部门和企业限期整改。建立风电产业发展预警机制，对弃风限电问题突出、无法完成最低保障性收购小时数的地区，实施一票否决制度，不再新增风电并网规模。
（四）创新价格及补贴机制
结合电力市场化改革，逐步改变目前基于分区域标杆电价的风电定价模式，鼓励风电参与市场竞争，建立市场竞价基础上固定补贴的价格机制，促进风电技术进步和成本下降。
适时启动实施可再生能源发电配额考核和绿色电力证书交易制度，逐步建立市场化的补贴机制。
7. Planning and implementation results
(i) Estimated investment
In the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, newly installed generation capacity of wind power will be 80 GW or more, of which more than 4 GW of newly installed offshore wind power generation capacity。On the basis of investment of 7,800 CNY/kW for onshore wind power, and 16,000 CNY/kW for offshore wind power, total investment in wind power construction during the "13th Five-Year Plan" period will reach CNY 700 billion or more。
(ii) Environmental and social benefits
1. In 2020, annual wind power generation in China will reach 420 TWh, approximately 6% of the national total electricity generation, provide important support for the goal of a 15% share of non-fossil energy in total primary energy consumption。
2. Calculated based on the 2020 wind power generation, this is equivalent to annual savings of 150 million tons of standard coal, reductions of emissions of 380 million tons of carbon dioxide and 1.3 million tons of sulfur dioxide, and 1.1 million tons of nitrogen oxides, and plays an important role in reducing air pollution and controlling greenhouse gas emissions。
3. During the "13th Five-Year Plan" period, the ability of wind power to drive development in related industries will be significantly enhanced, the scale of employment will continue to increase, and an additional 300,000 people will be employed。By 2020, the number of people employed in the wind power industry will reach about 80 million people。
