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13th FYP development plan for the electricity sector
Original title: 《电力发展“十三五”规划（2016-2020年）》
Links: Original CN (link).
Key provisions (preliminary summary to be updated):
- 210 GW of wind, of which 5 GW offshore. The offshore is same target as in the original 12th FYP
- 110 GW of solar, of which 60 GW distributed and 5 GW solar thermal
- 340 GW hydro; 40 GW of pumped storage
- 58 GW nuclear
- 15 GW of biomass power
- Limit coal fired power generation capacity to 1.100 GW
- Aim to postpone or cancel 150 GW of coal-fire projects currently being prepared
- Attain circa 5.000 kWh of per capita electricity consumption
- Non-fossil energy consumption in primary energy consumption 15%
- Coal power plant productivity expected to drop to an average of 4.000 hrs over 2016
See also table 2 in the body text.
国家能源局正式发布
《电力发展“十三五”规划（2016-2020年）》
Table of contents
Foreword
1. Development status
（一）取得的成绩
（二）机遇与挑战
2. Guiding ideology, principles and targets
(1) Guiding principles
(2) Basic principles
(3) Development targets
3. Key tasks
(i) Actively develop hydropower, coordinate development and long-distance transmission
(ii) Strongly develop new energy sources, adjust and optimize the development layout
(iii) Encourage diversification of energy use, launch pilot & demonstration projects according to local conditions
(iv) Safe development of nuclear power, promote construction of coastal nuclear power plants
(v) Orderly development of natural gas, vigorously promote the construction of distributed gas-fired power generation
(vi) Accelerate the transformation and upgrading of coal-fired power generation, promote clean and orderly development
(vii) Strengthen construction of peaking power generation capacity, enhance system flexibility
(viii) Plan long-distance transmission infrastructure, improve capability for resource allocation and distribution
(ix) Optimize electric grid structure, improve system security
(x) Upgrade the distribution network, promote smart grid construction
(xi) Use electricity to substitute other types of energy, optimize the energy consumption structure
(xii) Accelarate construction of charging facilities, promote the development of electric vehicles
(xiii) Promote centralized district heating, gradually replace small-scale coal-fired boilers
(xiv) Actively develop distributed power generation, encourage the local, efficient use of energy
(xv) Develop electricity services for poverty allevation, effectively guarantee household access to electricity
(xvi) Increase research efforts, strengthen indigenous innovation
(xvii) Implement the 'One Belt, One Road" initiative, enhance international cooperation on electric power generation
(xviii) Deepen reform of the electric power system, improve the electricity market system
4. Planning and implementation
（二）细化任务落实
（三）做好评估调整
（四）加强督促检查
（五）健全法律法规和标准体系
（六）建立协调机制
（七）健全产业政策
Foreword
“十三五”时期是我国全面建成小康社会的决胜期、全面深化改革的攻坚期。电力是关系国计民生的基础产业，电力供应和安全事关国家安全战略，事关经济社会发展全局，面临重要的发展机遇和挑战。面对新形势，党中央、国务院明确提出了“推动消费、供给、技术、体制革命，全方位加强国际合作”能源发展战略思想，以及“节约、清洁、安全”的能源发展方针，为电力工业持续健康发展提供了根本遵循。
为深入贯彻落实党的十八大和十八届三中、四中、五中、六中全会精神，根据《中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要》、《能源发展“十三五”规划》制订本规划。
本规划内容涵盖水电、核电、煤电、气电、风电、太阳能发电等各类电源和办理配电网，重点阐述“十三五”时期我国电力发展的指导思想和基本原则，明确主要目标和重点任务，是“十二五”电力发展的行动纲领和编制相关专项规划的指导文件、布局重大电力项目的依据，规划期为2016-2010年。规划实施过程中，适时进行滚动调整。
1. Development status
（一）取得的成绩
电力工业发展规模迈土新台阶。“十二五”期间，我国电力建设步伐不断加快，多项指标居世界首位。截至2015年底，全社会用电量达到5.69万亿千瓦时，全国发电装机达15.3亿千瓦，其中水电3.2亿千瓦（含抽水蓄能0.23亿千瓦），风电1.31亿千瓦，太阳能发电0.42亿千瓦，核电0.27亿千瓦，火电9.93亿千瓦（含煤电9亿千瓦，气电0.66亿千瓦），生物质能发电013亿千瓦；“西电东送”规模达1.4亿千瓦；220干伏及以上线路合i十60.9万公里，变电容量33.7亿千伏安。
截至2015年底，我国人均装机约1.11千瓦，人均用电量约4142千瓦时，均超世界平均水平；电力在终端能源消费中占比达25.8%。华北、华中、华东、东北、西北、南方六个区域各级电网网架不断完善，配电网供电能力、供电质量和装备水平显著提升，智能化建设取得突破，农村用电条件得到明显改善，全面解决了无电人口用电问题。
结构调整取得新成就。“十二五”时期，我国非化石电源发展明显加快。全国水电规模稳步增加，新增投产超过l亿千瓦，占全国发电装机比重达到20.9%；风电规模高速增长，占比由2010年的3.1%提高至8.6%，跃升为我国第三大电源；光伏发电实现了跨越式发展，累计新增约4200万千瓦；核电在运装机规模居世界第四，在建3054万千瓦，居世界第一。
火电机组结构持续优化，超｜伍｜界、超超临界机组比例明显提高，单机30万千瓦及以上机组比重上升到78.6%；单机60万千瓦及以上机组比重明显提升，达到41%。
非化石能源装机占比从2010年的27%提高到2015年的35%;非化石能源在一次能源消费中的比重从2010年的9.4%提高到2015年的12%，超额完成“十二五”规划目标。
节能减排达到新水平。持续推进燃煤机组淘汰落后产能和节能改造升级，累计关停小火电机组超过2800万千瓦，实施节能改造约4亿千瓦，实施超低排放改造约1.6亿千瓦。全国火电机组平均供电煤耗降至315克标煤／千瓦时（其中煤电平均供电煤耗约318克标煤／千瓦时），达到世界先进水平，煤电机组二氧化碳排放强度下降到约890克／千瓦时；供电煤耗五年累计降低18克标煤／千瓦时，年节约标煤7000万吨以上，减排二氧化碳约2亿吨。
实施严格的燃煤机组大气污染物排放标准，完善脱硫脱硝、除尘、超低排放等环保电价政策，推动现役机组全面实现脱硫，脱硝比例达到92%。2015年电力行业二氧化硫、氮氧化物等主要大气污染物排放总量较2010年分别减少425万吨、501万吨、二氧化硫、氮氧化物减排量超额完成了“十二五”规划目标。
装备技术创新取得新突破。燃煤发电技术不断创新，达到世界领先水平。百万千瓦级超超临界机组，超低排放燃煤发电技术广泛应用；60万千瓦级、百万千瓦级超超临界二次再热机组和世界首台60万千瓦级超临界CFB机组投入商业运行；25万千瓦IGCC、10万盹二氧化碳捕集装置示范项目建成，世界首台百万千瓦级间接空冷机组开工建设。
水电工程建设技术和装备制造水平显著提高，攻克了世界领先的300米级特高拱坝、深埋长引水隧洞群等技术，相继建成了世界最高混凝土双曲拱坝（锦屏一级水电站）、深埋式长隧洞（锦屏二级水电站）及世界第二、亚洲第一高的土心墙堆石坝（糯扎渡水电站）。
风电、太阳能等新能源发电技术与国际先进水平的差距显著缩小。我国己经形成了大容量风电机组整机设计体系和较完整的风电装备制造技术体系；规模化光伏开发利用技术取得重要进展，晶体硅太阳能电池产业技术具备较强的国际竞争力，批量化单晶硅电池效率达到19.5%，多晶硅电池效率达到18.5%。
核电技术步入世界先进行列。完成三代AP1000技术引进消化吸收，形成自主品牌的CAP1400和华龙一号三代压水堆技术，开工建设具有第四代特征的高温气冷堆示范工程，建成实验快堆并成功并网发电。
电网技术装备和安全运行水平处于世界前列。国际领先的特高压输电技术开始应用，±1100千伏直流输电工程开式建设。大电网调度运行能力不断提升，供电安全可靠水平有效提高，新能源发电井网，电网灾害预防与治理等关键技术及成套装备取得突破，多端柔性直流输电示范工程建成投运。
电力国际合作拓展新局面。对外核电、火电、水电、新能源发电及输变电合作不断加强，投资形成日趋多样。带动了我国标准、技术、装备、金融走出去。与8个周边国家和地区开展电力贸易，投资巳西、葡萄牙等国电网。
体制改革开启新篇章。《中共中央国务院关于进一步深化电力体制改革的若干意见》（中发［2015］号）及相关配套文件相继出台，试点工作逐步开展，价格机制逐步完善，输配电价改革试点加快推进，市场主体逐步培育，电力市场建设取得新进展。
简政放权深入推进。取消和下放电力审批事项17项，全面清理规范性文件、建立合法性审查制度，颁布或修改一大批电力法律、法规、产业政策和行业标准。
组建中国电建、中国能建两家特大型能源建设集团，主辅分离取得阶段性进展。基本取消了县级供电企业“代管体制”，基本实现城乡用电同网同价。
Table 1. Development of the electric power industry over the "12th FYP" period
| Category | Indicator | 2010 | 2015 | Average annual growth |
| Power consumption | Total electricity consumption (GWh) | 4,199,900 | 5,693,300 | 6.27% |
| Per capita electricity consumption (kWh) | 3,132 | 4,142 | 5. 75% | |
| Power generation capacity | Total installed capacity (GW) | 970 | 1,530 | 9.54% |
| Per capita installed capacity (kW/capita) | 0.7 | 1.11 | 9.66% | |
| Hydropower (GW) | 216 | 320 | 8.15% | |
| Nuclear power (GW) | 11 | 27 | 19. 67% | |
| Wind power (GW) | 30 | 131 | 34. 29% | |
| PV (GW) | 0.3 | 42 | 168.67% | |
| Thermal power (GW) | 710 | 993 | 6.94% | |
| Biomass power (GW) | – | 11 | – | |
| Grid size | 220 kV and above line length (1000 km) | 446 | 609 | 6.40% |
| Substation capacity (GVA) | 19,900 | 33,700 | 11.11% | |
| Electricity transport | West-to-East transport capacity (GW) | 100 | 140 | 6.69% |
| Energy use | Average coal consumption in thermal power generation (g of standard coal eq./kWh) | 333 | 315 | [-18] |
| Transmission loss rate | 6.53% | 6.64% | [0.11%] | |
| Major air pollutant emissions | Sulfur dioxide (kt) | 9,560 | 5,281 | |
| Nitrogen oxides (kt) | 10,550 | 5,519 |
Note；1. [] growth over the full five-year period。
2. 2015 emissions of carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxides are from the annual environmental statistics report。
（二）机遇与挑战
电力工业发展取得成绩的同时，也暴露出很多问题。“十二五”期间，电力供应由总体平衡、局部偏紧的状态逐步转向相对宽松、局部过剩。非化石电源快速发展的同时，部分地区弃风、弃光、弃水问题突出，“三北”地区风电 消纳困难，云南、四川两省弃水严重，局部地区电网调峰能力严重不足，尤其北方冬季采暖期调峰困难，进一步加剧了非化石能源消纳矛盾、电力设备利用效率不高，火电利用小时数持续下降，输电系统利用率偏低，综合线损率有待进一步降低。区域电网结构有待优化，输电网稳定运行压力大，安全风险增加，城镇配电网供电可靠性有待提高，农村电网供电能力不足。电力市场在配置资源中发展决定性作用的体制机制尚未建立。电力结构优化及转型升级的调控政策亟待进一步加强。
“十三五”是我国全面建成小康社会的决胜期，深化改革的攻坚期。也是电力工业加快转型发展的重要机遇期。在世界能源格局深刻调整，我国电力供需总体宽松、环境资源约束不断加强的新时期，电力工业发展面临一系列新形势、新挑战。
供应宽松常态化。“十三五”期间，随着经济发展进入新常态，增长速度换挡，结构调整加快，发展动力转换，节能意识增强，全社会用电增速明显放缓。“十二五”期间开工建设的发电设备逐步投入运行，局部地区电力供过于求，设备利用小时数偏低，电力系统整体利用效率下降。我国电力供应将进入持续宽松的新阶段。
电源结构清洁化。大气污染防治力度加强，气候变化形势日益严峻，生态与环保刚性的约束进一步趋紧，我国己向国际社会承诺2020年非化石能源消费比重达到15%左右，加快清洁能源的开发利用和化石能源的请洁化利用已经成为必然趋势，加快能源结构调整的步伐，向清洁低碳、安全高效转型升级迫在眉睫。
电力系统智能化。推进电力工业供给侧改革，客观上要求改善供应方式，提高供给效率，增强系统运行灵活性和智能化水平。风电、光伏发电大规模并网消纳，核电安全运行对电力系统灵活性和调节能力提出了新的要求。为全面增强电源与用户双向互动，提升电网互济能力，实现集中和分布式供应并举，传统能源和新能源发电协同，增强调峰能力建设，提升负荷侧响应水平，建设高效智能电力系统成为必然选择。
电力发展国际化。随着一带一路建设的逐步推进，全方位、多领域的电力对外开放格局更加明晰，电力产业国际化将成为一种趋势。电力企业“走出去”面临积累国际竞争经验，提高产品和服务多样化水平，电力行业标准与国际标准衔接，履行企业环境责任，完善金融保险配套服务等诸多挑战。电力国际化进程对我国与周边国家的电力互联互通和电力装备制造水平提出了新要求。
体制机制市场化。新一轮电力体制改革将改变电网企业的功能定位和盈利模式，促进电网投资，建设和运营向着更加理性化的方向发展。市场主体逐渐成熟，发电和售电侧引入市场竞争，形成主体多元、竞争有序的交易格局。新兴业态和商业模式创新不断涌现，市场在资源配置中的决定性作用开始发挥，市场化正在成为引领电力工业发展的新方向。
2. Guiding ideology, principles and targets
(1) Guiding principles
深入贯彻党的十八大和十八届三中、四中、五中、六中会全精神，落实“四个革命，一个合作”发展战略 ，牢固树立和贯彻落实创新、协调、绿色、开放、共享发展理念，按照《中华人民共和国经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划纲要》、《能源发展“十三五”规划》相关部署，加强统筹协调，加强科技创新，加强国际合作；着力调整电力结构，着力优化电源布局，着力升级配电网，着力增强系统调节能力，着力提高电力系统效率，着力推进体制改革和机制创新；加快调整优化，转型升级，构建清洁低碳，安全高效的现代电力工业体系，惠及广大电力用户，为全面建成小康社会提供坚实支撑和保障。
(2) Basic principles
统筹兼顾，协调发展。统筹各类电源建设，逐步提高非化石能源消费比重。降低全社会综合用电成本。统筹电源基地开发、外送通道建设和消纳市场，促进网源荷储一体协同发展。
清洁低破、揉色发展。坚持生态环境保护优先，坚持发展非煤能晾发电与煤电清洁高效有序利用并举，坚持节能减排。提高电能占终端能源消费比重，提高发电用煤占煤炭消费总量比重，提高天然气利用比例。
优化布局，安全发展。坚持经济合理，调整电源布局，优化电网结构。坚守安全底线，科学推进远距离、大容量电力外送，构建规模合理、分层分区、安全可靠的电力系统，提高电力抗灾和应急保障能力。
智能高效，创新发展。加强发输配用交互响应能力建设，构建“互联网＋”智能电网。加强系统集成优化，改进调度运行方式，提高电力系统效率。大力推进科技装备创新，探索管理运营新模式，促进转型升级。
深化改革，开放发展。坚持市场化改革方向，健全市场体系，培育市场主体，推进电价改革，提高运营效率，构建有效竞争、公平公正公开的电力市场。坚持开放包容、政府推动、市场主导，充分利用国内国外两个市场、两种资源，实现互利共赢。
保障民生，共享发展。围绕城镇化、农业现代化和美丽乡村建设，以解决电网薄弱问题为重点，提高城乡供电质量，提升人均用电和电力普遍服务水平。在革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、集中连片食困地区实施电力精准扶贫。
(3) Development targets
1. Supply capacity
To ensure a moderately prosperous society in all aspects, total electricity consumption in 2020 is expected to be 6,800-7,200 TWh, at an average annual growth of 3.6-4.8%. Total installed power generation capacity will reach 2,000 GW, an average annual increase of 5.5%。Per capita installed generation capacity will exceed 1.4 kilowatts, per capita electricity consumption will be circa 5,000 kwh, close to the level in moderately developed countries。Urban and rural electrification levels will be significantly increased; electricity will account for 27% in final energy consumption。
In order to avoid power shortages affecting economic and social development, on the principle of developing generating capacity moderately ahead of schedule, and on the basis of total electricity demand expected in 2020, maintain reserves of 200 TWh of supply capacity to meet demand in the case of accelerated economic and social development。
2. Power generation structure
In light of the 15% share of non-fossil energy consumption target by 2020, installed capacity of non-fossil power generation will reach circa 770 GW, an increase of about 250 GW compared with 2015, and accounting for about 39 percent of total generation capacity (up 4 percentage points); non-fossil power generation will increase to 31% of all power generation；Gas-fired power generation capacity will increase by 50 GW, reaching more than 110 GW, accounting for more than 5% of total power generation capacity；Strive to keep coal-fired power generation capacity below 1,100 GW, with its share falling to about 55% in total power generation capacity。
3. Power grid development
Rational distribution of exports from energy-rich areas, use UHV and conventional power transmission technology to construct the "West-to-East electricity transfer" transmission infrastructure, adding 130 GW of transport capacity, reaching a total of about 270 GW；Further optimize the main power grid, further strengthen inter-connectivity of provincial transmission networks, form a appropriately scaled wide-area synchronous network。Strict control of grid construction costs。Add 92,000 km of AC lines of 500 kV and above, and 920,000 MVA of substation capacity。
Basically complete a modern distribution network suited to a well-off society, that is based on coordinated planning of urban and rural areas, safe, reliable, cost-effective, technologically advanced, and environmentally friendly。A substantial increase in construction and use of intelligent grids the city centers (central districts), reliability of power supply of 99.99 percent, an overall rate of voltages within deviation limits of 99.97%；Significant improvement in the power supply capacity and safety levels in urban areas, reliability of power supply of 99.9%, an overall rate of voltages within deviation limits of 98.79%；In rural areas, completely resolve grid weaknesses, basically eliminate "low-voltage"problems, reliability of power supply of 99.72%, an overall rate of voltages within deviation limits of 97%, an average distribution transformer capacity of no less than 2 kVA per household。Provide strong support for electrification to replace the use of other types of energy, including for electric heating, electric connection points in shipping ports, charging infrastructure and others。
4. Comprehensive dispatching capability
Add about 17 GW of pumped storage hydropower, reaching about 40 GW of total installed capacity; 5 GW of simple-cycle gas-fired peaking capacity will be added。Combined heat and power units, and conventional coal-fired units retrofitted for flexibility will reach about 133 GW and 86 GW, respectively。Implement systems for the guaranteed full purchase of wind and solar power, limiting curtailment to a reasonable level。
5. Energy saving and emission reduction
Strive to phase out 20 GW or more of backward thermal power production capacity。Average coal consumption of new coal-fired power units will be lower than 300 grams of standard coal eq./kWh (net). Currently operating coal-fired units will have average coal consumption of less than 310 grams of standard coal eq./kWh (net), after retro-fitting。Strive to reduce total emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide from thermal power generation by more than 50%。All coal-fired units of 300 MW and above will achieve ultra-low emissions; carbon dioxide emissions from coal-fired power generation will be reduced to 865 g/kWh。Wastewater discharge from thermal power plants will comply with standards 100%。Overall transmission losses will be limited to 6.5%。
6. Ensuring livelihood use of electricity
By 2020, approximately 450 TWh of energy use is replaced by electricity。
Strive to achieve combined heat and power generation in 60% or more of centralized district heating plants in large and medium-sized cities in the north; gradually phase out small-scale coal-fired boilers in areas with district heating coverage 。
Complete rural power grid upgrading in all of the country's towns and village centers, and access to electricity in poor villages. Achieve full coverage of electrified wells in the plains areas. Electricity services will reach equal levels in urban and rural areas in the Eastern region, and in the central and Western regions this gap will be significantly narrowed. The power grid in poor and remote villages in regions with ethnic minorities will cover livelihood and production needs。
Table 2. 13th FYP key development targets for the electric power industry
| Category | Indicator | 2015 | 2020 | Average annual growth | Type |
| Total size of the electric sector | Total installed capacity (GW) | 1,530 | 2,000 | 5.50% | Guiding |
| West-to-East transport capacity (GW) | 140 | 270 | 14.04% | Guiding | |
| Total electricity consumption (TWh) | 5,690 | 6,800-7,200 | 3.6-4.8% | Guiding | |
| Share of electricity in final energy consumption | 25.80% | 27% | [1.2%] | Guiding | |
| Per capita installed capacity (kW/capita) | 1.11 | 1.4 | 4.75% | Guiding | |
| Per capita electricity consumption (kWh/capita) | 4,142 | 4,860-5,140 | 3.2-4.4% | Guiding | |
| Structure of the electric sector | Share of non-fossil energy consumption | 12% | 15% | [3%] | Binding |
| Share of non-fossil generation capacity | 35% | 39% | [4%] | Guiding | |
| Conventional hydro (GW) | 297 | 340 | 2.80% | Guiding | |
| Pumped storage hydro (GW) | 23.03 | 40 | 11.70% | Guiding | |
| Nuclear power (GW) | 27 | 58 | 16.50% | Guiding | |
| Wind power (GW) | 131 | 210 | 9.90% | Guiding | |
| Solar power (GW) | 42 | 110 | 21.20% | Guiding | |
| Share of fossil based generation capacity | 65% | 61% | [-4%] | Guiding | |
| Share of coal-fired generation capacity | 59% | 55% | [-4%] | Guiding | |
| Coal-fired power (GW) | 900 | <1,100 | 4.10% | Guiding | |
| Gas-fired power (GW) | 66 | 110 | 10.80% | Guiding | |
| Energy-savings and emissions | Average (net) coal consumption of newly built coal-fired power plants (g standard coal eq./kWh) | 300 | Binding | ||
| Average (net) coal consumption of existing coal-fired power plants (g standard coal eq./kWh) | 318 | <310 | [-8] | Binding | |
| Transmission loss rate | 6.64% | <6.50% | Guiding | ||
| Livelihood use | Construction of charging facilities | Meet charging needs for 5 million electric vehicles | Guiding | ||
| Electricity replacing other energy sources (GWh) | – | 450,000 | Guiding | ||
Note；1. [] growth over the full five-year period。
2. 2015 Estimates of average coal consumption based on data on large coal-fired power plants from the China Electricity Council。
3. Key tasks
(i) Actively develop hydropower, coordinate development and long-distance transmission
Adhering to the principles of environmental protection and proper resettlement of displaced population, actively develop hydropower, focusing on hydropower station construction in key river basins. Rationally develop hydropower resources in Southwest China, prioritize development in main streams, and protect tributaries. Actively and orderly promote large-scale hydropower base construction, strictly control developments in small and medium-sized river basins, and small and medium scale hydropower development. Support coordination between hydropower development and market demand, coordinate hydropower development and long-distance transmission, improve the market-based consumption mechanism. Basically solve hydropower consumption problems due to supply surplus in Sichuan and Yunnan。Strengthen policy measures, implement new projects only in case of market supply gaps, prevent hydropower curtailment issues。
Continue good work on hydropower bases in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River, Dadu River, and Yalong River, etc.；Actively promote the development of hydropower bases in the upper reaches of the Jinsha River, push forward the construction of the "West-to-East electricity transport" energy base in Southeastern Tibet；Continue to promote the construction of Lianghekou hydropower station in the Yalong River, Shuangjiangkou power station in the Dadu River, and other key hydropower stations. Accelarate research and feasibility studies for hydropower development in the middles reaches of the Jinsha River, and actively promote the construction of the Longpan hydropower station；Basically complete the six hydropower bases in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the upper reaches of the Yellow River, Wujiang River, Nanpanjiang Red River, Yalong River, and Dadu River。
Focus support on the development of the Southwest hydropower base; completion of long-distance transmission projects from the lower reaches of the Jinsha River to Guangxi, from Northwest Yunnan to Guangdong, from Sichuan to elsewhere, and from Wudongde hydropower station to Guangdong and Guangxi; start construction of a long-distance transmission line project for the Baihetan hydropower station; actively carry out power market demand studies for stations in the upper reaches of the Jinsha River, etc.。
Over the "13th FYP" period, circa 40 GW of additional conventional hydropower projects will start operation, and construction will start on 60 GW or more, of which 5 GW of small-scale projects. By 2020, the installed capacity of conventional hydropower reaches 340 GW。
(ii) Strongly develop new energy sources, adjust and optimize the development layout
Orderly development of wind and solar power. On the basis of simultaneous development of centralized and decentralized wind power, and with the key principle of local consumption, seek to optimize the layout of wind power, and co-ordinate development and market absorption。Accelerate efforts to develop wind power in the eastern and southern regions, and other areas where the ability for the market to absorb wind power is relatively strong. Actively and steadily push forward the development of offshore wind power。Plan the layout of photovoltaic power plants, adhering to dispersed development, and to the key principle of local consumption. Fully promote distributed PV and "PV+" comprehensive utilization projects, and actively support solar thermal power generation。
[China Energy Portal note: “PV+” refers to projects that combine PV with other land use, usually agriculture or aquaculture, and often as a form of poverty alleviation]
Adjust the pace of wind power development in areas where markets have difficulties absorbing all wind power in the "Three Norths" region, and in areas with hydropower curtailment. Improve the absorptive capacity of wind power in nearby markets, resolve wind power curtaiment issues。Increase wind power development efforts in areas with relatively strong absorptive capacity for wind power and in load centers. Strive for developments in eastern and southern regions for half of the country's new installations of wind power 。Promote offshore wind power projects, according to local conditions, in Jiangsu, Guangdong, Fujian, and other areas。
Comprehensively promote the construction of distributed PV, focusing on the development of distributed PV rooftop systems, and building integrated PV projects。In central and eastern regions, combine relief efforts for sinking coal-mining towns and construction of appropriate levels of PV power station projects in comprehensive utilization projects with agriculture, forestry, fisheries or other uses 。Promote solar thermal power generation pilot and demonstration projects。
Over the "13th FYP" period, more than 79 GW of additional wind power projects, and more than 68 GW of additional solar power projects will start operation。By 2020, national installed capacity of wind power will reach 210 GW, of which circa 5 GW of offshore wind power projects；Installed capacity of solar power will reach 110 GW, of which more than 60 GW of distributed PV, and 5 GW of solar thermal power。Support long-distance electricity transmission projects; orderly support 40 GW of trans-provincial and trans-regional power transport capacity for renewable energy in the "Three Norths" area, with priority for the existing stock of projects。
(iii) Encourage diversification of energy use, launch pilot & demonstration projects according to local conditions
Conditional on meeting environment protection requirements, rationally construct municipal solid waste incineration and landfill gas power generation projects。Active and clean utilization of biomass energy, promote biogas power generation, biomass power generation, and distributed biomass gasification power generation。By 2020, total installed capacity of biomass power generation will be about 15 GW。
Develop demonstration projects for, and utilization of, co-fired coal and biomass power generation, and combined coal-fired and solar thermal power generation。Realise a batch of demonstration projects for co-firing of coal and agricultural residues for power generation in the Northeast and other major grain producing areas. In the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, and the Pearl River Delta, realise a batch of demonstration projects co-firing of coal and sewage sludge. In North and Northwest China, realise a batch of demonstration projects for solar thermal aided coal-fired power plants. 。
Promote construction of large scale (10+ MW) high-temperature geothermal power generation projects。Whilst considering local conditions, develop small and medium-scale distributed low-temperature geothermal power generation projects。Carry out research for key technologies and develop demonstration projects for 'hot dry rock' (HDR) power generation systems。
Develop comprehensive applied demonstration projects integrating marine energy and other technologies。Where conditions permit, build island micro-grids demonstration projects in which wind, solar, and marine energy sources complement each other 。Actively start construction on demonstration plants for tidal power generation。
Carry out comprehensive applied demonstration projects combining wind, solar, and energy storage technologies。Combined development of wind, PV and other new energies, with integration of energy storage, and micro-grid applications. Promote applied demonstration that combine renewable power generation, energy storage, and smart grid applications. Promote comprehensive developments in which multiple complementary, and collaboratively optimized, new types of power generation are combined。Over the "13th FYP" period, continue to promote construction of renewable energy demonstration areas in Zhangjiakou and elsewhere。
(iv) Safe development of nuclear power, promote construction of coastal nuclear power plants
Adhering to the principle of safe development of nuclear power, increase construction efforts for nuclear power demonstration projects with domestically developed technology, focus on creating core competitive strength, and accelerate the construction of nuclear power projects in coastal areas。
Finish constructing Sanmen and Haiyang projects, which rely on domestically developed AP1000 technology. Build demonstration projects using the "Hualong One" technology in Fuqing, Fujian province, and Fangchenggang, in Guangxi province 。Start construction on a batch of new coastal nuclear power projects, including CAP1400 demonstration projects 。Thoroughly progress with feasibility studies and preparatory work for inland nuclear power generation。Earnestly work on preserving sites with potential for nuclear power plant development。
Over the "13th FYP" period, circa 30 GW of additional nuclear power will come online, and construction will have started on a further 30 GW or more. By 2020, installed capacity of nuclear power will reach 58 GW。
(v) Orderly development of natural gas, vigorously promote the construction of distributed gas-fired power generation
Fully utilize the peak-shaving capacity of existing natural gas power plants, and promote further construction of peak-shaving natural gas power plants. In the North, Northwest, East, and South, Northwest and other regions with the right conditions, build a batch of peak-shaving natural gas power plants, and add 5 GW or more of natural gas-fired power generation capacity。Construct an appropriate number of combined cycle gas-fired CHP projects with high operating parameters. Support power generation using coal-bed methane, gasified coal, blast furnace gas, etc.。Promote the use of distributed gas-fired power generation, and focus on the development of tri-generation of power, heat, and cooling。Over the "13th FYP" period, an additional 50 GW of gas-fired power generation capacity will be added, reaching 110 GW of total capacity by 2020. Of this, 15 GW will be tri-generation capacity。
(vi) Accelerate the transformation and upgrading of coal-fired power generation, promote clean and orderly development
Actively adapt to the changing energy structure and electricity market market development. Accelerate the optimization, transformation and upgrading of coal-fired power generation. Encourage Joint Ventures of coal and power companies. Promote highly efficient, clean and sustainable development of coal-fired power generation。
Strict control of the planning and construction of coal-fired power plants。Adhere to the principle of simultaneous market guidance and government regulation. Establish an early warning mechanism for risks, and implement a policy of "cancel a batch, slow down approval for a batch, slow down construction of a batch" of coal-fired power stations. Simultaneously, give full play to potential benefits of inter-connections in the power grid, and let generation capacity in different provinces complement each other, support each other in case of short-term power shortages, etc., with inter-provincial power transport. Through these various measures, reduce the newly added capacity of coal-fired power generation.。Over the "13th FYP" period, cancel and postpone construction on 150 GW of coal-fired power generation projects。Strive to restrict the total installed capacity of coal-fired power generation by 2020 at 1,100 GW or less。
Appropriate control of coal-fired power generation bases。Together with the planning and construction of long-distance transmission cables, adapt the planning of coal-fired power generation bases, with the scale and timing of development well-adjusted to the receiving provinces' power demand, thus reducing pressure to absorb the imported power in the receiving provinces' market。
In accordance with local conditions, plan and construct CHP and low calorific value coal power generation projects。On the basis of fully utilizing existing heat sources, and fully utilizing their heating potential, plan further construction of CHP projects. The principle in CHP planning should be that heat demand determines the scale of construction, and that electric power output follows from this scale of construction 。Prioritize development of CHP with back pressure (non-condensing) turbine units, and in areas with ample electric power supply, strictly control the use of extraction (condensing) turbines。Appropriate development of "“Comprehensive Utilization of Resources" power generation projects utilizing low calorific value coal。Construct a certain number of "“Comprehensive Utilization of Resources" power generation projects utilizing coal gangue bricks as the primary fuel。
Actively promote the transformation and upgrading of coal-fired power generation。Strengthen the development and application of new technologies to improve the efficiency of coal-fired power generation and levels of energy and environmental conservation。Fully implement the "increase the pace, enlarge the scope" project for ultra-low-emission coal-fired power plants and the retrofitting of coal-fired power plants with energy-saving technology. Increase efforts for retrofitting or taking out of operation of energy inefficient, heavily polluting coal-fired power generation units。Over the "13th FYP" period, retrofit 420 GW of coal-fired power generation capacity for ultra-low emissions, retrofit 340 GW for energy-savings, and strive to take 20 GW of technologically backward generation capacity out of operation。By 2020, the average (net) coal consumption of existing coal-fired power plants will be 310 gram of standard coal eq./kWh, or lower；units of a generation capacity of 300 MW and above will all be ultra low emission units。
(vii) Strengthen construction of peaking power generation capacity, enhance system flexibility
Attach great importance to increasing capacity for power dispatching control, simultaneously working on demand side, supply side, and grid measures. Fully utilize existing peak shaving capacity in the system, and increase the pace of planning and construction of peaking power supply capacity. Focus on enhancing system flexibility, adaptability, and ability to consume new and renewable forms of energy。
Accelerate the construction of pumped storage hydropower stations。In areas where conditions permit, construct a number of pumped storage hydropower stations, whilst paying close attention to the overall planning, and rational distribution。Strengthen pumped storage hydropower dispatching management, utilizing the capability of pumped storage hydropower to provide backup power, and enhance its role in creating system flexibility。Over the "13th FYP" period, construction will start on 60 GW of pumped storage hydropower, with circa 17 GW of new capacity coming into operation. By 2020, total installed capacity of pumped storage hydropower will reach circa 40 GW。
Wide-spread promotion of retrofitting coal-fired units for flexibility。Implement projects for upgrading of the peaking ability of coal-fired units, fully draw on international experience on flexibility in thermal power generation. Expand promotion of pilot & demonstration and application of retrofitting CHP plants for heat storage, and pure condensing turbine flexibility retrofits in northern regions。Over the "13th FYP" period, carry out flexibility retrofits on about 133 GW of CHP units in the "Three Norths" region, and 82 GW should undergo a pure condensing retrofit；in other regions, perform pure condensing retrofits on 4.5 GW. After the retrofitting process is complete, increase peaking capacity by 46 GW, of which 45 GW in the "Three Norths" region。
Optimize power dispatching。在确保电力系统安全稳定的前提下，以节能环保低碳为目标，制定科学可行的电力系统调度原则和具体措施，确定各类机组的发电优先序位、用户侧的有序用电序位以及机组的调峰、轮停序位，根据中长期、日前交易电量及负荷预测确定合理开机组合。推行节能低碳电力调度，加强对新能源发电的功率预测和考核，充分发挥电网联络线调剂作用，努力消纳可再生能源，减少能源、资源消耗和污染物排放。
Greatly improve capability for demand side response。Establish strong price-driven demand side response measures, further promote and optimize variable load pricing mechanisms for both users and producers, and explore implementation of interruptible load pricing。Improve and promote demand side management. Integrate data on system operation, market transactions, and users' power consumption. Improve the capacity for big-data analysis on demand side statistics, and enhance the capacity for demand-side responsive。Guide consumers in consuming power outside of power demand peaks, reducing differences between peaks and valleys in power demand。Actively promote the demonstration and application of large-capacity and distributed energy storage technology 。
(viii) Plan long-distance transmission infrastructure, improve capability for resource allocation and distribution
“十三五”期间电力外送统筹送受端需求，受端电源结构及调峰能力，合理确定受电比重和受电结构。跨区送电具有可持续性，满足送端地区长远需要，应参与受端电力市场竞争。输煤输电并举，避免潮流交叉迁回，促进可再生能源消纳，确保电网安全。
在实施水电配套外送输电通道的基础上，重点实施大气污染防治行动12条输电通道及酒泉至湖南、准东至安徽，金中至广西输电通道。建成东北（才L鲁特）送电华北（山东）特高压直流输电通道，解决东北电力冗余问题。适时推进陕北（神府、延安）电力外送通道建设。结合受端市场情况，积极推进新疆、呼盟、蒙西〈包头、阿拉善、乌兰察布）、陇（东）彬（长）、青海等地区电力外送通道证论。
Over the "13th FYP" period, add 130 GW of transmission capacity for the "West-to-East electricity transfer" project; by 2020, this capacity should reach 270 GW。
(ix) Optimize electric grid structure, improve system security
坚持分层分区、结构清晰、安全可控、经济高效原则，按照《电力系统安全稳定导则》的要求，充分论证全国同步电网格局，进一步调整完善区域电网主网架，提升各电压等级电网的协调性，探索大电网之间的柔性互联，加强区域内省间电网互济能力，提高电网运行效率，确保电力系统安全稳定运行和电力可靠供应。
North-east China；“十三五”期间，西电东送、北电南送的格局随着外送通道建设改变。重点加快孔鲁特至山东青州特高压直流输电工程建设，2018年形成1000万千瓦电力外送能力；适时启动赤峰（元宝山）至冀北输电通道建设；加强东北主网至高岭背靠背500千伏电网，确保300万千瓦的输电能力；加强蒙东与辽宁、吉林省间断面建设。2020年东北地区初步形成1700万千瓦外送能力，力争实现电力供需基本平衡。
依托扎鲁特外送通道及其配套工程，进一步优化三省一区内部电网结构，主要是蒙东电网围绕扎鲁特换流站建设，逐步形成覆盖呼伦贝尔、兴安、通辽和赤峰500千伏网架；黑龙江电网重点加强省内东西部网络联系，建设向托扎鲁特电力汇集输电工程；吉林电网重点完善中部网架，配套建设水电站、抽水蓄能电站送出工程；辽宁电网结合负荷增长需要加强内部网架。
North China；“十三五”期间，西电东送格局基本不变，京津冀鲁接受外来电力超过8000万千瓦。依托在建大气污染防治行动计划交流特高压输电工程，规划建设蒙西至晋中，胜利至锡盟，雄坊经临沂，枣庄至石家庄交流特高压输电工程，初步形成两横两纵的1000千伏交流特高压网架。建设张北至北京柔性直流工程，增加张北地区风光电外送能力。研究实施蒙西电网与华北主网异步联网及北京西至石家庄交流特高压联络线工程。
结合交流特高压输变电及其配套工程，进一步优化华北地区各省（区、市）电网结构。主要是按照京津冀协同发展战略部署，京津冀地区加强500千伏电网建设和配电网升级改造，实现首都接受外来电能力2200万千瓦以上，满足“电能替代”工程用电需求，确保酋都供电安全；山东电网结合特高压交流和直流落点，优化500千伏网架，提高受电能力；山西电网重点满足规划内电源接入和送出，优化与京津冀电网互联结构；蒙西电网结合外送和本地负荷发展，加强锡盟与蒙西之间的联络，形成完整，坚强的蒙西电网。
North-west China；“十三五”期间，重点加大电力外送和可再生能源消纳能力。加快准东、宁东、酒泉和陕北特高压直流外送通道建设；根据市场需求，积极推进新疆第二回、陇彬、青海外送通道研究论证。
继续完善750千伏主网架，增加电力互济能力。主要是陕西电网建设陕北至关中第二通道，形成陕北“目”字形网架，提高陕北向关中送电能力，为陕北特高压直流外送创造条件；甘肃电网启动河西地区主网加强方案，提高向兰白地区输电能力；青海电网结合新能源建设，适当补强原有网架；宁夏电网750千伏双环网，优化调整330/220千伏电网，满足上海庙直流接入；新疆电网 进一步向南疆延伸，750千伏多环网结构，适时启动南疆与格尔木联网工程。
East China；“十三五”期间，长三角地区新增外来电力3800万千瓦。建成淮南经南京至上海1000千伏特高压交流输电工程，初步形成受端交流特高压网架；建设苏州特高压站至新余、江苏东州至崇明500千伏输变电工程，实现上海与苏州电网互联；研究实施适用技术，保证多回大容量直流安全稳定受入；开工建设间粤联网工程。
结合交直流特高压输变电及其配套工程，进一步优化华东地区各省（市）电网结构。主要是上海电网结合外来电及城市发展，利用已有走廊及站址，做好电网改扩建，同时有效控制短路电流；江苏电网、浙江电网、安徽电网着重完善500千伏网架，提高负荷密集地区电网安全稳定运行水平井合理控制短路电流；福建电网加强山区500千伏网架，同时论证推进福建北部向南部新增输电通道。
Central China；“十二五”期间，实现电力外送到电力受入转变，湖南、湖北、江西新增接受外电达到1600万千瓦。实施渝鄂直流背靠背工程，实现与川渝藏电网异步联网，提高四川水电外送能力及系统安全稳定水平；推进省间电网加强工程，满足外来电增加需要；针对华北、华中联网安全运行薄弱环节，研究采取必要的安全措施；积极研究论证三峡电力留存及外送方案优化调整。
湖北电网围绕陕北（神府、延安）直流、渝鄂背靠背工程，做好相关配套工程论证及建设，进一步优化500千伏网架，控制关键节点短路电流水平；河南电网做好500千伏网架优化，适时加强豫南电网；湖南电网研究论证洒湖直流电力消纳，做好配套工程建设，论证黔东电厂改接贵州可行性；江西电网重点优化并加强赣东、赣南电网。
“十三五”期间，川渝藏形成相对独立的同步电网，建成川渝第三条500千伏输电通道，提高川渝间电网互济能力。四川电网结合第四回特高压直流外送工程加强水电汇集通道建设，同时完善西部水电基地至负荷中心500千伏输电通道。结合金沙江上游开发，积极推进金上水电外送工程论证和前期工作。研究论证川西电网目标网架，确保涉藏水电开发和消纳。重庆电网进一步加强受端电网建设，满足外来电力增加需要。西藏电网结合电气化铁路规划建设，重点建设藏中电网与昌都联网、拉萨至灵芝铁路供电工程，同时在立足优先 保障自身电力供应的提前下，结合技术、经济、国防等多方面因素，推进建设阿里电网与藏区主网互联工程，实现主网覆盖西藏各地区。
Southern China；“十三五”期间，稳步推进“西电东送”，形成“八交十一直”输电通道，送电规模达到4850万千瓦；进一步加强和优化主网结构，实现云南电网与主网异步联网，建成海南联网II回工程，适时启动广东电网直流背靠背工程，形成以送、受端电网为主体，规模适中、结构清晰、定位明确的23个同步电网，提高电网安全稳定水平；提高向香港、澳门地区供电能力。
广东电网重点解决多直流连锁故障及短路电流超标问题，推动电网实现东西分区运行；广西电网重点结合云电送桂逐步实现由通道型电网向受端电网转变；云南电网重点加强滇西北、滇西南、滇东北送电通道建设，同时结合乌东德电站接入进一步优化滇中电网结构，增强云南电网运行的灵活性；贵州电网重点加强黔西南、黔西送电通道建设，优化贵阳负荷中心电网结构并进一步增强黔东电网与主网的联络；海南电网重点结合吕江核电及联网II回的建设，进一步优化现有220千伏电网结构，提高电网抗灾能力。
(x) Upgrade the distribution network, promote smart grid construction
满足用电需求，提高供电质量，着力解决配电网薄弱问题，促进智能互联，提高新能源消纳能力，推动装务提升与科技创新，加快构建现代配电网，有序放开增量配电网业务，鼓励社会资本有序投资、运营增量配电网，促进配电网建设平稳健康发展。
加强城镇配电网建设，强化配电网统一规划，健全标准体系。全面推行模块化设计、规范化选型、标准化建设。中心城市（区）围绕发展定位和高可靠用电需求，高起点、高标准建设配电网，供电质量达到国际先进水平，北京、上海、广州、深圳等超大型城市建成世界一流配电网；城镇地区结合国家新型城镇化进程及发展需要，适度超前建设配电网，满足快速增长的用电需求，全面支撑“京面支撑”、“长江中游”，“中原”、“成渝”等城市群以及“丝绸之路经济带”等重点区域发展需要。积极服务新能源、分布式电源、电汽动车充电基础设施等多元化负荷接入需求。做好与城乡发展，土地利用的有效衔接，将管廊专项规划确定入廊的电力管线建设规模、时序纳入配电网规划。
实施新一轮农网改造升级工程。加快新型小乡镇、中心村电网和农业生产供电设施改造升级。结合“农光互补”、“光伏扶贫”等分布式能调发展模式，建设可再生能源就地消纳的农村配网示范工程。开展西藏、新疆和四川、云南、甘肃、青海四省藏区农村电网建设攻坚。加快西部及贫困地区农村电网改造升级，特别是国家扶贫开发工作重点县、集中连片特困地区以及革命老区的农村电网改造升级，实现贫困地区通动力电。推进东中部地区城乡供电服务均等化进程，逐步提高农村电网信息化、自动化、智能化水平、进一步优化电力供给结构。
推进“互联网＋”智能电网建设。全面提升电力系统的智能化水平，提高电网接纳和优化配置多种能源的能力，满足多元用户供需互动。实现能源生产和消费的综合调配，充分发挥智能电网在现代能源体系中的作用。
提升电源侧智能化水平，加强传统能源和新能源发电的厂站级智能化建设，促进多种能源优化互补。全面建设智能变电站，推广应用在线监测、状态诊断、智能巡检系统，建立电网对山火、冰灾，台风等各类自然灾害的安全预警体系。推进配电自动化建设，根据供电区域类型差异化配置，整体覆盖率达90%，实现配电网可观可控。提升丰台配电网络的柔性控制能力，示范应用配电侧储能系统及柔性直流输电工程。
构建“互联网＋”电力运营模式，推广双向互动智能计量技术应用。加快电能服务管理平台建设，实现用电信息采集系统全覆盖。全面推广智能调度控制系统，应用大数据、云计算、物联网、移动互联网技术，提升信息平台承载能力和业务应用水平。调动电力企业、装备制造企业、用户等市场主体的积极性，开展智能电网支撑智慧城市创新示范区，合力推动智能电网发展。
(xi) Use electricity to substitute other types of energy, optimize the energy consumption structure
立足能源清洁化发展和大气污染防治，以电能替代散烧煤、燃油为抓子，不断提高电能占终端能源消费比重、可再生能源占电力消费比重及电煤占煤炭消费比重。综合考虑地区潜力空间、节能环保效益，因地制直，分步实施，逐步扩大电能替代范围，着力形成节能环保、便捷高效、技术可行、广泛应用的新型电力消费市场。重点居在民采暖、生产制造、交通运输、电力供应与消费四个领域，推广或试点电采暖、地能热泵、工业电锅炉（窑炉）、农业电排灌、船舶岸电、机场桥载设备、电蓄能调峰等。开展差别化试点探索，积极创新，实施一批试点示范项目。
2020年，实现能源终端消费环节电能替代散烧煤、燃油消费总量约1.3亿吨标煤，提高电能占终端能源消费比重。
(xii) Accelarate construction of charging facilities, promote the development of electric vehicles
按照“因地制直、快慢互、济经济合理”的原则，以用户居住地停车位、位停车场、公交及出租车场站等配建的专用充电设施为主体，以公共建筑物停车场、社会公共停车场｜、临时停车位等配建的公共充电设施为辅助，以独立占地的城市快充站、换电站和高速公路服务区配建的城际快充站为补充，推动电动汽车充电基础设施体系加快建设，加大停车场与充电基础设施一体化建设支持力度。探索电动汽车充放电与电力系统互动，改善系统调峰能力。
到2020年，新增集中式充换电站超过1.2万座，分散式充电桩超过480万个，基本建成适度超前、车桩相随、智能高效的充电基础设施体系，满足全国超过500万辆电动汽车的充电需求。
(xiii) Promote centralized district heating, gradually replace small-scale coal-fired boilers
围绕大气污染防治和提高能源利用效率，健康有序发展以集中供热为前提的热电联产，不断提高我国北方城市集中供热普及率、解决我国北方地区冬季供暖期大气污染严重，区域热电供需矛盾突出、热源结构不合理等问题，保障城市居民和工业园区用热需求。
综合考虑地区电力、热力需求和当地气候、资源、环境条件，统筹协调城市或工业园区的总体规划、供热规划、环境治理规划和电力规划等，按照“统一规划、以热定电、立足存量、结构优化、提高能效、环保优先”的基本原则，在优先利用己有热源且最大限度地发挥其供热能力的基础上，通过配套支持政策重点鼓励发展能效高、污染少的背压式热电联产机组。同时，发展热电联产集中供热与环境保护协调联动，与关停小锅炉和减少用煤量挂钩，提高热电联产供热范围内小锅炉的环保排放标准，加快小锅炉关停。在风能、太阳能，生物质能等可再生能源资源富集区，因地制直发展风电供暖、太阳能光热电联供、生物质热电联产等新能源供热应用。
2020年，实现北方大中型以上城市热电联产集中供热率达到60%以上，形成规划科学、布局合理、利用高效、供热安全的热电联产产业健康发展格局。
(xiv) Actively develop distributed power generation, encourage the local, efficient use of energy
加快分布式电源建设，放开用户侧分布式电源建设，推广“自发自用、余量上网、电网调节”的运营模式，鼓励企业、机构、社区和家庭根据自身条件，投资建设屋顶式太阳能、风能等各类分布式电源。鼓励在有条件的产业聚集区、工业园区、商业中心、机场、交通枢纽及数据存储中心和医院等推广建设分布式能源项目，因地制定发展中小型分布式中低温地热发电、沼气发电和生物质气化发电等项目。支持工业企业加快建设余热、余压、余气、瓦斯发电项目。
(xv) Develop electricity services for poverty allevation, effectively guarantee household access to electricity
围绕新型工业化、城镇化、农业现代美化丽和乡村建设，以满足用电需求，提高供电质量、促进智能化为目标、着力解决乡村及偏远地区供电薄弱问题，加大电力精准扶贫力度，加快建设现代本电服务体系，推进村庄公共照明设施建设，支持经济发展，服务社会民生。
加强老少边穷地区电力供应保障。全面解决农村电网户均供电容量低、安全隐患多、“卡脖子”、“低电压”等问题，加大国家级贫困县，集中连片特殊困难地区以及偏远少数民族地区，革命老区配电网建设与改造力度。
加大电力扶贫力度。坚持因地制直、整体推进、政府主导、社会支持的原则，充分结合当地资源特点，鼓励电力企业履行社会责任，在贫困地区建设电力项目。支持贫困地区水电开发，适当发展绿色小水电，贫困地区的电力项目优先纳入电力规划、鼓励水电项目留存部分电力电量保障当地用电需要，建立长期可靠的项目运营管理机制和扶贫收益分配管理制度。确保电力扶贫项目与贫困人口精准对应，切实实现“精准扶贫、有效扶贫”。
(xvi) Increase research efforts, strengthen indigenous innovation
应用推广一批相对成熟、有市场需求的新技术，尽快实现产业化。试验示范一批有一定积累，但尚未实现规模化生产的适用技术，进一步验证技术路线和经济性。集中攻关一批前景广阔但核心技术受限的关键技术。鼓励企业增加研发投入，积极参与自主创新。
清洁高效发电技术。全面掌握拥有自主知识产权的超超临界机组设计、制造技术；以高温材料为重点，加快攻关700℃超超｜临界发电技术；研究开展中间参数等级示范，实现发电效率突破50%，推进自主产权的60万千瓦低超超临界CFB发电技术示范。加快整体煤气化联合循环CIGCC）自主国产化示范应用，推进煤基梯级利用发电技术应用。加快燃煤与生物质稿合发电关键技术研发与应用。实践世界最先进的燃煤发电除尘、脱硫、脱硝和节能、节水、节地等技术；研究碳捕捉与封存（CCS）和资源化利用技术，适时开展应用示范。发展智能发电技术，开展发电过程智能化检测、控制技术研究与智能仪表控制系统装备研发，攻关高效燃煤发电机组、大型风力发电机组、重型燃气机组、核电机组等领域先进运行控制技术与示范应用。
先进电网技术与储能技术。开展太容量机电储能、熔盐蓄热储能、高效化学电池储能等多种储能示范应用，大幅降低单位千瓦建设成本，力争接近抽水蓄能电站水平，加快推广应用。继续推进特高压输电、大容量断路器、直流断路器、大容量柔↑生输电等先进电网技术的研发与应用。推进微电网关键技术研究及示范建设，推进高温超导等前沿技术领域的研究，开展电网防灾减灾技术研究。
电力行业网络与信息安全。建立健全信息技术产品选型安全审查机制，加强供应链安全管理，推进核心芯片、操作系统、数据库、应用软件等基础软硬件产品的安全可控能力建设，强化密码技术在电力行业网络安全工作中的支撑作用，加快应用国产密码算法，推进电力行业密钥安全cm管理体系建设，加强联动协作与信息共 享，持续提升电力行业网络安全综合检测预警及感知能力。
“互联网＋”智慧能源。将发电、输配电、负荷、储能融入智能电网体系中，加快研发和应用智能电网、各类能源互联网关键技术装备，实现智能化能源生产消费基础设施、多能协同综合能源网络建设、能源与信息通信基础设施深度融合，建立绿色能源灵活交易机制，形成新型城镇多种能源综合协同、绿色低碳、智慧互动的供能模式。
电力领域其他重点自主创新。积极发展新型煤基发电技术，突破常规煤电效率瓶颈，推进燃料电池发电技术研发应用，研发固体氧化物、熔融碳酸盐燃料电池堆和发电系统集成技术，突破热端部件设计制造技术，掌握高性能复合材料大规模制备技术，建成微型、小型和中型燃气轮机整机试验平台，重型燃气轮机整机发电试验电站，探索机电型电热冷三联供示范系统运用，提高大型先进压水堆核电技术自主化程度，推动高温气冷堆技术优化升级，开展小型智能堆、商用快堆、熔盐堆等先进核能技术研发，加强百万千瓦级水轮发电机组、大容量高水头抽水蓄能机组等重大技术攻关。加快高效太阳能发电技术、大容量风电技术等可再生能源发电技术研发和应用。
(xvii) Implement the 'One Belt, One Road" initiative, enhance international cooperation on electric power generation
坚持开放包容、分类施策、合作共赢，原充则分利用国际国内两个市场、两种资源，积极推进电力装备、技术、标准和工程服务国际合作，根据需要推动跨境电网互联互通，鼓励电力企业参与境外电力项目建设经营，探讨构建全球能源互联网，推动以清洁和绿色方式满足全球电力需求。
积极开展对外业务。拓展电力装备出口，积极推进高效清洁火电、水电、核电、输变电等大型成套设备出口。积极推动对外电力服务，开展电力升级改造合作，带动电力设计、标准等技术服务国际合作，在控制财务风险的基础上，稳妥推进对外电力投资。
(xviii) Deepen reform of the electric power system, improve the electricity market system
组建相对独立和规范运行的电力交易机构，建立公平有序的电力市场规则，初步形成功能完善的电力市场，深入推进简政放权。
有序推进电力体制改革。核定输配电价，2017年底前，完成分电压等级核定电网企业准许总收入和输配电价，逐步减少电价交叉补贴，加快建立规则明晰、水平合理、监管有力、科学透明的独立输配是价体系，建立健全电力市场体系，建立标准统一的电力市场交易技术支持系统，积极培育合格市场主体，完善交易机制，丰富交易品种。
2016年启动东北地区辅助服务市场试点，成熟后全面推广。2018年底前，启动现货交易试点；2020年全面启动现货市场，研究风险对冲机械，组建相对独立和规范运行的电力交易机构。建立完善的治理结构，完备的市场规划和健全的制度体系；充分发挥各类市场主体和第三方机构在促进交易机构规范运行中的作用。积极推进交易机构股份制改造和相对独立规范运行，2016年底前完成电力交易机构组建工作。有序放开发用电计划，建立优先购电和优先发电制度，落实优先购电和优先发电的保障措施；切实保障电力电量平衡。逐年减少发电计划，2020年前基本取消优先发电权以外的非调节性发电计划。全面推进配售电侧改革，支持售电主体创新商业模式和服务内容，2018年底前完成售电侧市场竞争主体培育工作，基本形成充分竞争的售电侧市场主体；鼓励社会资本开展增量配电业务；明确增量配电网放开的具体办法；建立市场主体准入退出机制；完善市场主体信用体系；在试点基础上全面推开配售电改革。
深入推进简政放权。总结电力项目核准权限下放后的承接情况、存在问题和实施效果，结合电力体制改革精神，进一步探索创新市场化的电力项目开发和投资管理机制。加强简政放权后续监管，组织开展电力项目简政放权专项监管，重点对核准权限下放后的项目优选，项目核准、项目依法依规建设以及并网运行等工作进行监管，督促国家产业政策和技术标准落实，维护电力项目规 划建设秩序。
4. Planning and implementation
（一）加强组织领导
在发展改革委的统筹指导下，国家能源局作为全国电力规划的责任部门，建立健全以国家能源局组织协调、相关职能部门积极配合、各省级政府和重点电力企业细化落实的电力规划实施工作机制，加强对电力重大战略问题的研究和审议，推动规划实施，省级能源主管部门是省级电力规划的责任部门，各省级能源主管部门要切实履行职责，组织协调实施。
（二）细化任务落实
各省（区、市）要将规划确定的约束性指标，主要任务和重大工程列入本地区能源发展规划和电力发展专项规划，分解落实目标任务，明确进度安排协调和目标考核机制，精心组织实施。各重点电力企业要充分发挥市场主体作用，积极有序推进规划项目前期论证，保障规划顺序实施。
（三）做好评估调整
规划实施年度中每年对规划执行情况进行回顾、梳理、评估，结合实施情况对规划项目进行微调。坚持规划中期评估制度，严格评估程序，委托第三方机构开展评估工作，对规划滚动实施提出建议，及时总结经验，分析问题，制订对策，规划确需调整的，由国家能源局按程序修订后公布。
（四）加强督促检查
国家能源局及其派出监管机构要完善电力规划实施情况监管组织体系，创新监管措施和手段，有效开展监管工作。各派出机构要会同省级能源主管部门，密切跟踪工作进展，掌握目标任务完成情况，定期组织开展监督检查和考核评价，编制并发布规划实施情况监管报告，提出该动调整建议。建立重大情况报告制度，探索建立规划审计制度，及时发现并纠正实施中存在的问题。国家能源局派出机构与地方能源管理部门要进一步加强沟通协调，实现信息共享。
（五）健全法律法规和标准体系
修订颁布《电力法》，完善《电网调度管理条例》、《电供力应与使用条例》、《电力设施保护条例》等及其配套管理，办出法台《核电管理条例》，建立规范政府行为和市场行为的电力法制体系。
加强行业管理，强化电力规划管理办法的贯彻实施，研究制定电网无歧视公平接入、跨区送受电、微电网、热电联产、燃发气电、煤电联营、电网备用容量管理、节能低碳调度，高效智能电力系统建设，技术监督等政策。按照市场化改革要求，继续出台电力体制改革配套文件及指导意见，抓紧修订一批电力行业国家标准、定额和规程。落实国家大面积停电事件应急预案，提高电力系统抗灾和应急响应恢复能力。
探索建立电力领域法律法规和标准及时更新机制，充分发挥法制对电力改革和发展的引导、推动、规范和保障作用。
（六）建立协调机制
建立规划统筹协调机制，衔接国家规划与地方规划，协商重大电力项目布局、规模和时序，协调电网与电源项目，建立规划年度对接制度，开展地方电力规划咨询评估，依法开展规划环境影响评价，探索改进电源项目前期管理。加大财政资金支持，建设电力项目信息管理系统，提高项目储备、规划、核准、建设、运营、退役全过程信息化管理能力，加强信息公开，增强信息透明度。
完善运行调控机制，开展风电、光伏投资监测预警，建立弃风（光）率预警考核机制。2017年起，全面开展适应大规模清洁能源发电开发利用的电力节能低碳调度，建立跨省（区）送电中长期协议制度。
整合各渠道电力信息数据，加强电力预测分析和预警，规范电力信息报告和发布制度。依托国家电力规划中心等中介机构，加快监测体系建设，为政府决策提供信息支持。建立健全电力行业信用支撑体系，实行黑名单制度。
（七）健全产业政策
研究制订覆盖规划建设、投资运营、信贷金融、装备制造的电力全产业链预警机制。研究燃烧与光热、生物质相合，风光抽蓄相合等可再生能源利用方式补助方法，结合电力体制改革进程，有序放开上网电价和公益性以外的用电价格。在放开上网电价之前，研究完善燃煤、天然气、水力、核电等上网电价机制，增强弹性，更好反映市场供求关系。完善输配电成本监审和核算制度。探索（光）电专用电力外送通道运营模式。
支持抽水蓄能电站投资主体多元化。建立龙头电站梯级水库补偿机制，促进水电流域梯级电站联合优化运行。完善新能源发电电价补贴机制，探索市场化交易模式，推动技术进步和成本下降，支持媒电机组灵活性改造，鼓励实施电能替代，建立调峰、调频、调压等辆助服务市场，完善电力调峰成本补偿和价格机制，建立可再生能源全额保障性收购的电力运行监测评估制度。研究促进可再生能源就近消纳和储能发展的价格政策。
采取多种方式，继续安排资金支持城镇配电网、农村电网建设改造和电动汽车充电设施建设。鼓励社会资本参与跨省区辘电工程、配电网工程、分布式电源并网工程、储能装置和电动汽车充电基础设施投资和建设，鼓励电力企业参与碳排放权交易。完善电力行业落后产能退出政策。
搭建电力产业新业态融资平台，鼓励风险投资、产业荃金以多种形式参与电力产业创新，积极引导社会资本投资，鼓励通过发行专项债券、股权交易、众筹、PPP等方式，加快示范项目建设。加强电力市场化改革领域人才培养。
